Grade 11 Physics Midyear Exam
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Questions and Answers

What type of wave is sound classified as?

  • Transverse wave
  • Electromagnetic wave
  • Static wave
  • Mechanical wave (correct)

In a sound wave, what physical characteristic corresponds to the loudness of the sound?

  • Amplitude (correct)
  • Wave speed
  • Wavelength
  • Frequency

What happens to the pitch of a sound wave as its frequency increases?

  • The pitch increases (correct)
  • The pitch remains the same
  • The pitch decreases
  • The pitch fluctuates randomly

What is the primary factor that causes the Doppler effect?

<p>Relative motion between the source and the observer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about compressions and rarefactions in a sound wave is true?

<p>Compressions correspond to crests in a sine curve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of sound waves best determines their pitch?

<p>Frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two sound waves have the same frequency but different amplitudes, what can be concluded about their loudness?

<p>The wave with higher amplitude will be louder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During constructive interference, what is the expected outcome on the sound waves?

<p>The sound waves will amplify each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the string if the wavelength is 1.2 m and the harmonic number is 3?

<p>1.8 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave?

<p>Antinodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the wavelength that does NOT produce standing waves on a guitar string of length 1.20 m?

<p>1.50 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many wavelengths of a wave fit in a string vibrating at its fundamental frequency?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a pipe is closed at one end and it resonates at a fundamental frequency of 240 Hz, what is the frequency of the next harmonic?

<p>720 Hz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of a guitar string if its second harmonic has a frequency of 165 Hz and the wave speed is 120 m/s?

<p>0.73 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to determine the frequency of a string vibrating at its nth harmonic?

<p>$f_n = \frac{n \cdot v}{L}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon occurs when waves coincide and amplify or reduce the amplitude?

<p>Interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of the first harmonic for a string of length L?

<p>$2L$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does each integral multiple of the fundamental frequency represent?

<p>A harmonic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For an open-ended pipe, what are the permissible harmonic numbers?

<p>All integers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula can be used to calculate the frequency of the n-th harmonic in a string?

<p>$f_n = n imes rac{v}{2L}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What harmonic is associated with the lowest frequency of vibration on a string?

<p>First harmonic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 200 Hz, what is the frequency of the second harmonic?

<p>400 Hz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a string vibrating in the third harmonic mode, how many nodes are present?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed pipe, which harmonic frequencies are present?

<p>n = 1, 3, 5, ... (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of incidence if the angle of reflection is 30 degrees?

<p>30 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflection occurs when parallel light rays hit a rough surface?

<p>Diffuse reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a virtual image formed by a plane mirror?

<p>It cannot be projected onto a screen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the wavelength of the FM radio band at 94.7 MHz. What is the result?

<p>3.2 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the wavelength of highly energetic ultraviolet radiation is 125 nm, what is its frequency?

<p>$2.4 \times 10^{15} Hz$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the direction of electromagnetic waves when they reflect off a plane mirror?

<p>They reverse direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

<p>They are always equal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a specular reflection?

<p>It reflects light rays in parallel directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the object distance and the image distance in a plane mirror?

<p>Image distance is negative of the object distance. (A), Image distance is equal to the object distance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the heights of the object and image in a plane mirror is true?

<p>The image height is equal to the object height. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is located 15 cm in front of a plane mirror, what will be the distance of the image from the mirror?

<p>15 cm in front of the mirror. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?

<p>Virtual and upright. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 60° to the normal?

<p>The angle of reflection will also be 60° to the normal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the image formed by a plane mirror is incorrect?

<p>The image distance is negative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the orientation of an object viewed in a plane mirror?

<p>It is flipped horizontally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plane mirror is tilted, how does it affect the image seen in the mirror?

<p>The image will change position and orientation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy of a wave when its amplitude increases?

<p>It increases as amplitude rises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If wave amplitude is shown by the letter Z and wavelength is shown by the letter X, which option is correct?

<p>Wave's amplitude is Z, wavelength is X. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for frequency, defined as 'cycles per second'?

<p>hertz (Hz) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which number value corresponds to the wavelength if it is indicated as 10 cm in a graph?

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wave pattern likely has the lowest frequency?

<p>Wave pattern 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a wave's frequency is given as 25.0 Hz, what is the correct calculation for its period?

<p>0.04 s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength?

<p>Wave speed is equal to frequency multiplied by wavelength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a wave's amplitude is shown by 18 cm and the calculation for it is correct, what should the amplitude be?

<p>18 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What happens to a wave's energy when its amplitude increases?

When a wave's amplitude increases, its energy also increases.

Identify the component of a wave that represents its amplitude.

The amplitude of a wave is represented by the letter Y in the diagram provided.

Identify the component of a wave that represents its wavelength.

The wavelength of a wave is represented by the letter X in the diagram provided.

What is the unit for frequency?

The unit for frequency is Hertz (Hz).

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How to determine a wave's wavelength from a graph?

To determine a wave's wavelength from a graph, measure the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.

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How to determine a wave's period from a graph?

To determine a wave's period from a graph, measure the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a given point.

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Which wave pattern has the highest frequency?

Wave pattern 1 has the highest frequency because it has the most wave cycles within a given space.

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How to calculate a wave's period?

The period of a wave (T) is calculated by dividing 1 by the frequency (f).

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Sound Waves

Sound waves are mechanical waves that need a medium (like air or water) to travel. They are longitudinal waves, meaning the particles in the medium vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels.

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Frequency and Pitch

The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch. Higher frequency means a higher pitch (sounds higher, like a whistle). Lower frequency means a lower pitch (sounds lower, like a bass drum).

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Amplitude and Loudness

The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness. Larger amplitude means a louder sound. Smaller amplitude means a quieter sound.

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Longitudinal Wave

A longitudinal wave is a wave where the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel. This means the compression and rarefaction regions are aligned with the direction of wave propagation.

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Compression and Rarefaction

In a longitudinal wave, compressions are regions of high density where the particles are close together. Rarefactions are regions of low density where the particles are farther apart.

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Doppler Effect

The Doppler effect is the apparent change in frequency (and therefore pitch) of a sound wave when there is relative motion between the source of the sound and the observer.

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Constructive Interference

Constructive interference occurs when two or more waves meet and their amplitudes add up, resulting in a wave with a larger amplitude. This leads to a louder sound.

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Destructive Interference

Destructive interference occurs when two or more waves meet and their amplitudes cancel out, resulting in a wave with a smaller amplitude. This leads to a quieter sound.

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Fundamental Frequency

The lowest frequency at which a string or pipe can vibrate, producing the longest possible wavelength.

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Wavelength on a String

The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave on a string.

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Harmonic Series

A series of frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, creating the higher overtones of a sound.

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Harmonic

A frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency, thus producing a higher 'overtone' of the sound.

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Node

A point on a standing wave where there is no displacement of the medium, hence no vibration.

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Antinode

A point on a standing wave where displacement is maximum, hence the amplitude of vibration is the greatest.

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Standing Wave

A wave pattern that appears to be stationary, formed by the superposition of two waves traveling in opposite directions.

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What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency of standing waves on a string?

The wavelength of a standing wave on a string is inversely proportional to the frequency. This means that as the frequency of the wave increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa.

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Reflection

The change in direction of an electromagnetic wave (like light) when it bounces off a surface.

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Laws of Reflection

Rules that govern how light behaves when it reflects off a surface. 1. Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection. 2. Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal are in the same plane.

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Normal

An imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point where light hits it.

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Angle of Incidence

The angle between the incoming light ray (incident ray) and the normal.

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Angle of Reflection

The angle between the reflected light ray and the normal.

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Diffuse Reflection

Reflection off a rough surface, where light rays scatter in many directions.

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Specular Reflection

Reflection off a smooth surface, where light rays reflect in a parallel direction.

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Virtual Image

An image formed by light rays that appear to come from a point that doesn't actually exist.

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What is the length of the string?

The length of the string is calculated using the formula 𝝀𝒏 = 𝟐𝑳/𝒏, where 𝝀 is the wavelength, L is the length of the string, and n is the number of segments in the standing wave. In this case, the wavelength is 1.2 m and n is 3. Therefore, the length of the string is 1.8 m.

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What are Antinodes?

Antinodes are the points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave. They occur where the two waves interfere constructively, resulting in a larger displacement.

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What are Nodes?

Nodes are the points of zero amplitude on a standing wave. They occur where the two waves interfere destructively, resulting in zero displacement.

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Which wavelengths produce standing waves?

Standing waves are formed when the wavelength of the wave is a whole number multiple of the length of the string. This means only wavelengths that are equal to, or a fraction of, the length of the string will produce standing waves.

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What's the Fundamental Frequency?

The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a string or pipe vibrates. It corresponds to the first harmonic, where the wave has one complete wavelength within the string or pipe.

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What are the harmonics for a closed pipe?

A closed pipe resonates at odd harmonics. The fundamental frequency is the first harmonic (n=1), the next harmonic is the third harmonic (n=3), followed by the fifth harmonic (n=5) and so on.

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What's the relationship between frequency, length, and wave speed?

The frequency of a vibrating string or pipe is determined by the length of the string or pipe, the wave speed on the string or in the pipe, and the number of segments in the standing wave. The relationship is represented by the equation 𝒇𝒏 = 𝒏.𝒗/𝟒𝑳, where 𝒇𝒏 is the frequency, 𝒏 is the harmonic number, 𝒗 is the wave speed, and 𝑳 is the length of the string.

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What is the string length?

The string length can be calculated using the formula 𝒇 = 𝒏.𝒗/𝟐𝑳, where 𝒇 is the frequency, 𝒏 is the harmonic number, 𝒗 is the wave speed, and 𝑳 is the length of the string. In this case, the frequency is 165 Hz, the harmonic number is 2, and the wave speed is 120 m/s. The length is then 0.73 m.

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Plane Mirror Image Position

The image formed by a plane mirror has an object distance equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the image distance. This means the object and image are equidistant from the mirror, but the image is virtual (behind the mirror).

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Plane Mirror Image Height

The image formed by a plane mirror has the same height as the object. This means the image is neither magnified nor diminished.

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Study Notes

Grade 11 Physics Midyear Exam

  • Exam date: Wednesday, December 11, 2024
  • Total marks: 30
  • Sections:
    • Section 1: Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) - 20 questions, 1 mark each
    • Section 2: Longer questions (calculations + writing) - 5 questions, 10 marks total
  • Topics covered:
    • Waves:
      • Hooke's Law
      • Simple pendulum
      • Characteristics of waves
      • Types of waves and speed of waves
      • Interference
    • Sound:
      • Characteristics of sound waves
      • Doppler effect
      • Standing waves and harmonics
    • Light:
      • Electromagnetic waves
      • Reflection off a plane mirror

Resources

  • Study guide (provided)
  • Additional resources available on Toddle
  • Formula sheet provided in the exam paper

Formula Sheet

  • List of formulas will be on the exam paper
  • Use correct SI units in calculations
  • SI units are listed (see below)

SI Units

  • f: frequency (Hz)
  • T: period (s)
  • λ: wavelength (m)
  • F: force (N)
  • k: spring constant (N/m)
  • PE: potential energy (J)
  • x: displacement (m)
  • L: length (m)
  • v: speed (m/s)
  • c: speed of light (m/s)

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Grade 11 Physics Midyear Exam PDF

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Prepare for your Grade 11 Physics Midyear Exam covering key topics such as waves, sound, and light. This exam includes both multiple-choice questions and longer calculation-based problems. Ensure you're ready with the provided study guide and formula sheet.

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