Grade 11 Earth Science Lesson 01

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between surface mining and subsurface mining?

Surface mining mostly occurs in urban areas, while subsurface mining takes place in rural regions.

Surface mining is conducted underground, while subsurface mining is done above ground.

Surface mining targets metallic minerals, while subsurface mining targets non-metallic minerals.

Surface mining is safer than subsurface mining for workers. (correct)

Which method is NOT part of mineral processing?

Separation & Recovery

Turbine Operation (correct)

Crushing & Screening

Controlled Size Reduction

Which of the following accurately describes open pit mining?

It is particularly effective in extracting metallic minerals.

It causes more significant environmental damage than subsurface methods.

It involves removing the surface layer to access ores. (correct)

It is safer than subsurface mining for workers.

What is the role of a generator in a power plant?

It converts mechanical energy to electric power using electromagnets. Signup and view all the answers

What consequences can result from subsurface mining?

It can trigger erosions and sinkholes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of arable land?

Healthy topsoil Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of soil is characterized by the accumulation of clay?

Subsoil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a human activity that affects soil quality?

Contouring Planning Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most effective method in waste management?

Reduce Signup and view all the answers

Which type of waste is generated primarily by agricultural activities?

Agricultural waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing the top layer of soil through natural or human-made factors called?

Soil Erosion Signup and view all the answers

Which soil layer is known for its dark color and organic content such as humus?

Topsoil Signup and view all the answers

What is one method used in soil conservation to combat soil erosion?

Cover crops Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?

Liquid state Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the quality and intensity of reflected light from a mineral?

Luster Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock is formed from solidified lava or magma?

Igneous Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mining process involves searching for geological materials and testing for their viability?

Exploration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

Accumulation of minerals or organic particles Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ore?

Natural material rich in economically valuable minerals Signup and view all the answers

What property refers to how a mineral breaks along specific planes?

Cleavage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is commonly found in the Philippines?

Chromite Signup and view all the answers

What type of mineral lack one or more criteria that define a mineral?

Mineraloid Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the economic value of a mineral?

Color of the mineral Signup and view all the answers

Which type of energy is not renewable?

Fossil Fuels Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of geothermal energy?

High cost of construction & maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method through which hydroelectric power generates electricity?

Kinetic energy conversion from falling water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main environmental issue caused by hydroelectric dams?

Damage to local ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

Which process is part of the water cycle?

Condensation Signup and view all the answers

What defines grey water in water types?

Chemically polluted water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fossil fuels is correct?

They are derived from ancient organic materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for generating Earth's geomagnetic field?

Movement of iron and nickel in the outer core Signup and view all the answers

Which atmosphere layer is responsible for blocking harmful solar radiation?

Stratosphere Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of algal blooms in water bodies?

Oxygen deprivation in aquatic life Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of renewable energy sources?

They are reliably available. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen?

78% Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is primarily described as biologically active in the Earth's crust?

Soil Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement and transformation of rocks within the geosphere?

Rock Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of Earth is defined as semi-solid and elastic?

Mantle Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the hydrosphere?

Absorbs and redistributes heat Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the biosphere on Earth?

All life forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of Earth's crust characterized as?

Rigid and solid Signup and view all the answers

Which cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen?

Carbon Cycle Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by oceans and seas?

70% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earth and Its Subsystems

Earth’shabitat is suitable due to its distance from the Sun, presence of liquid water, solid land, and a protective atmosphere.
Important characteristics for habitability include a geomagnetic field, appropriate atmospheric composition, temperature, size, gravity, and the presence of the Moon.
Earth is considered a complex system with interconnected subsystems, including the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and anthroposphere.

Biosphere

Unique to Earth, the biosphere encompasses all life forms.
Vital processes include food chains and webs, energy pyramids, and biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and water cycles).

Anthroposphere

Represents human beings' role in Earth's systems and their impact on maintaining ecological balance.
Environmental degradation often results from a lack of understanding of consequences and environmental value.

Atmosphere

A thin layer of gases (78% N, 21% O) around Earth, crucial for weather formation and protecting life.
Composed of several layers:
- Troposphere (weather), Stratosphere (ozone layer), Mesosphere (burns space debris), Ionosphere and Thermosphere (hottest), and Exosphere (transition to space).
Important atmospheric processes include the weather cycle, hydrologic cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.

Geosphere

Comprised of rocks, soil, and land formations; includes:
- Crust: rigid outer layer.
- Lithosphere: crust and upper mantle.
- Mantle: semi-solid layer with convection currents.
- Outer Core: liquid layer generating the magnetic field.
- Inner Core: solid metallic core primarily made of iron.
Key processes include plate tectonics, rock cycle, weathering, and erosion.

Waters and Water Cycle

The hydrosphere covers 70% of Earth, with oceans (97% saltwater) and freshwater sources (2% in glaciers, 1% in lakes and rivers).
Water is essential for biological processes, nutrient transport, photosynthesis, and acts as a carbon sink.
The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and surface runoff.

Minerals and Rocks

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks, defined by specific criteria: naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, with a defined chemical composition and atom arrangement.
Common mineral types include silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, and native elements (e.g., gold, diamond).
Rocks are classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic based on formation and composition.

Mineral Ores and Mining

The Philippines is the fifth mineral-rich country, with key minerals including chromite, gold, copper, and nickel.
Economic minerals can be mined profitably from ores, which are naturally occurring materials with high mineral concentrations.
Mining processes include exploration, extraction, milling, and reclamation.

Energy Resources

Power plants typically consist of turbines, generators, and transformers.
Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal.
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are non-renewable, extensively used, but have environmental impacts.
Geothermal energy utilizes the Earth’s internal heat, and hydroelectric energy harnesses water flow for power generation.

Water Quality and Types

Different types of water include green (from soil/plants), blue (from surface water), grey (polluted), and black water (contaminated with fecal matter).
The effects of grey water include eutrophication, algae blooms, and dead zones in aquatic environments.

Soil Composition and Erosion

Soil is a biologically active medium consisting of minerals, organic matter, air, and water.
Soil erosion can be caused by natural forces and human activities, leading to soil pollution and degradation.
The structure of soil layers involves topsoil, eluviation, subsoil, parent material, and bedrock.

Waste Management

Waste is any discarded object without direct use and can be categorized into solid, liquid, and gaseous forms, with different sources such as agricultural, industrial, and biomedical.
Effective waste management strategies include reducing production, reusing products, and recycling materials to minimize impact.

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Description

This quiz covers Lesson 01 of Grade 11 Earth Science, focusing on Earth's habitability and its subsystems. Explore the factors contributing to the planet's unique conditions for life, including its distance from the Sun and the presence of a geomagnetic field. Understand the interconnected parts and processes that define Earth as a system.