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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ring barking in the experiment?
What is the primary purpose of ring barking in the experiment?
- To reduce the diameter of the tree stem
- To increase the water supply to the tree
- To test the effect of environmental conditions on growth
- To demonstrate the role of phloem in organic substance transport (correct)
What is the expected outcome for the stem above the ring of bark after one month?
What is the expected outcome for the stem above the ring of bark after one month?
- It swells and its diameter increases (correct)
- It remains unchanged in diameter
- It becomes discolored and withers
- Its diameter decreases
Which variable is manipulated in the experiment?
Which variable is manipulated in the experiment?
- Condition of the stem above the ring
- The amount of Vaseline applied
- Presence of a ring in the stem (correct)
- Environmental conditions surrounding the tree
What is a constant variable in the ring barking experiment?
What is a constant variable in the ring barking experiment?
What tool is used to measure the diameters of the tree stem in the experiment?
What tool is used to measure the diameters of the tree stem in the experiment?
What color will a food sample turn if starch is present during the iodine test?
What color will a food sample turn if starch is present during the iodine test?
Which of the following is NOT a material required for the food test experiments?
Which of the following is NOT a material required for the food test experiments?
How much water should be added to each test tube during the starch test?
How much water should be added to each test tube during the starch test?
Which step comes first when conducting the iodine test for starch?
Which step comes first when conducting the iodine test for starch?
In the procedures of the food test, after adding iodine solution, what should the student do next?
In the procedures of the food test, after adding iodine solution, what should the student do next?
What is the primary purpose of adding ethanol in the Emulsion Test for lipids?
What is the primary purpose of adding ethanol in the Emulsion Test for lipids?
What should you do after adding distilled water and ethanol to the food sample?
What should you do after adding distilled water and ethanol to the food sample?
Which of the following precautions is essential when performing the Emulsion Test?
Which of the following precautions is essential when performing the Emulsion Test?
What would indicate that lipids are present in the food sample during the Emulsion Test?
What would indicate that lipids are present in the food sample during the Emulsion Test?
In the results table, what should be noted for the iodine solution when testing for lipids?
In the results table, what should be noted for the iodine solution when testing for lipids?
What color change indicates the presence of glucose or sugar during the Benedict's test?
What color change indicates the presence of glucose or sugar during the Benedict's test?
At what temperature should the water bath be set for the Benedict's test?
At what temperature should the water bath be set for the Benedict's test?
What is the purpose of adding water to the test tubes before adding Benedict's solution?
What is the purpose of adding water to the test tubes before adding Benedict's solution?
Which of the following is not a step in performing the Benedict's test?
Which of the following is not a step in performing the Benedict's test?
What is indicated by a red precipitate of copper (II) oxide in the Benedict's test?
What is indicated by a red precipitate of copper (II) oxide in the Benedict's test?
Which types of cells are included in the structure of xylem?
Which types of cells are included in the structure of xylem?
What is the primary function of parenchyma cells in xylem?
What is the primary function of parenchyma cells in xylem?
What is a key structural feature of xylem vessels?
What is a key structural feature of xylem vessels?
Which of the following correctly describes tracheids?
Which of the following correctly describes tracheids?
How do fibres contribute to xylem structure?
How do fibres contribute to xylem structure?
What is the first step in conducting the Biuret test for protein?
What is the first step in conducting the Biuret test for protein?
What color change indicates the presence of protein during the Biuret test?
What color change indicates the presence of protein during the Biuret test?
Which two solutions are added to the food sample in the Biuret test?
Which two solutions are added to the food sample in the Biuret test?
After adding Biuret A and Biuret B, what should the tester do next?
After adding Biuret A and Biuret B, what should the tester do next?
What type of information is recorded in the table of results during the Biuret test?
What type of information is recorded in the table of results during the Biuret test?
What is a characteristic feature of sieve tube cells?
What is a characteristic feature of sieve tube cells?
What role do companion cells play in phloem tissue?
What role do companion cells play in phloem tissue?
Which structure in the sieve tube cells allows for the flow of sap?
Which structure in the sieve tube cells allows for the flow of sap?
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in sieve tube cells?
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in sieve tube cells?
How do sieve tubes appear in a longitudinal section of phloem?
How do sieve tubes appear in a longitudinal section of phloem?
What is the primary effect of removing the phloem tissue during the bark ringing process?
What is the primary effect of removing the phloem tissue during the bark ringing process?
Why is Vaseline applied to the exposed tissues during the bark ringing procedure?
Why is Vaseline applied to the exposed tissues during the bark ringing procedure?
What occurs below the ring on the trunk of a tree after phloem is removed?
What occurs below the ring on the trunk of a tree after phloem is removed?
What is the consequence of a ringed main trunk on the entire tree over time?
What is the consequence of a ringed main trunk on the entire tree over time?
Which statement best describes the immediate effect on the tissue above the ring after bark ringing is performed?
Which statement best describes the immediate effect on the tissue above the ring after bark ringing is performed?
What is the primary function of lignin in xylem vessels and tracheids?
What is the primary function of lignin in xylem vessels and tracheids?
How do xylem vessels and tracheids contribute to water transport in plants?
How do xylem vessels and tracheids contribute to water transport in plants?
What is the role of companion cells in phloem tissue?
What is the role of companion cells in phloem tissue?
Why do sieve tube cells lack a nucleus when mature?
Why do sieve tube cells lack a nucleus when mature?
What distinguishes tracheids from xylem vessels?
What distinguishes tracheids from xylem vessels?
Which type of substance is primarily transported by phloem?
Which type of substance is primarily transported by phloem?
What happens to the cytoplasm of xylem cells during their maturation?
What happens to the cytoplasm of xylem cells during their maturation?
What is the function of phloem parenchyma cells?
What is the function of phloem parenchyma cells?
What is the term used to describe the transport of dissolved organic substances in the phloem?
What is the term used to describe the transport of dissolved organic substances in the phloem?
Which of the following is the main component of phloem sap?
Which of the following is the main component of phloem sap?
What percentage of water absorbed by plants is used for photosynthesis?
What percentage of water absorbed by plants is used for photosynthesis?
Which factor contributes least to the rate of transpiration?
Which factor contributes least to the rate of transpiration?
What effect does transpiration have on plants?
What effect does transpiration have on plants?
Through which structures does most transpiration occur in leaves?
Through which structures does most transpiration occur in leaves?
Which process primarily helps in maintaining turgidity in plant cells?
Which process primarily helps in maintaining turgidity in plant cells?
Which of the following conditions affects the rate of transpiration?
Which of the following conditions affects the rate of transpiration?
Study Notes
Ring Barking
- Ring barking involves removing a strip of bark containing phloem from a woody plant trunk.
- Aim is to demonstrate the vital role of phloem in transporting organic substances.
- The experiment compares a ringed stem to a non-ringed stem over the span of one month.
- Expected result: swelling and increased diameter above the ring, while below the ring, the stem withers and decreases in diameter.
- Controlled environmental conditions are essential for accurate results.
- Key tools include a sharp knife, measuring tape, and Vaseline to seal wounds and prevent air entry.
- Observations support the conclusion that phloem is crucial for the transport of nutrients from leaves to other plant parts.
Heterotrophic Nutrition - Food Tests
- A range of food tests is conducted to identify the presence of starch, sugar, protein, and fats.
- Iodine Test (Starch):
- Blue-black color indicates starch presence when iodine is added to the food sample.
- Benedict's Test (Sugar):
- A color change from green to red upon heating indicates sugar presence, specifically glucose.
- Biuret Test (Protein):
- Purple coloration confirms protein presence when Biuret reagents (A and B) are added.
- Emulsion Test (Fat):
- Mixing food sample with ethanol and distilled water helps reveal fats through the formation of an emulsion.
Transport in Plants
-
Xylem Structure:
- Comprises xylem vessels and tracheids, both responsible for water conduction.
- Thick-walled cells provide structural support and prevent collapse under tension.
- Pits enable lateral movement of water and nutrients between cells.
-
Phloem Structure:
- Consists of sieve tubes and companion cells, crucial for transporting organic substances like sucrose and amino acids.
- Sieve plates facilitate the flow of sap from one cell to another.
- Companion cells support sieve tube cells metabolically, enhancing nutrient transport.
Translocation of Organic Substances
- Organic substances in phloem, referred to as phloem sap, are vital for plant survival.
- Translocation is the process by which these substances are moved from leaves to storage organs or growth regions.
- Unique to phloem, translocation can occur in both upward and downward directions, unlike the unidirectional flow of xylem water.
Water Transport and Transpiration
-
Transpiration:
- Defined as the loss of water vapor through evaporation in plants.
- Replaces lost water via roots absorbing moisture from soil.
- Primarily occurs through leaf stomata, contributing significantly to nutrient transport and cooling.
-
Transpiration Stream:
- Describes the continuous flow of water from roots to leaves, aided by atmospheric vapor loss.
-
Factors influencing transpiration rates include:
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- Relative humidity
- Air movement
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Description
Explore the effects of ring barking in this Grade 11 Biology quiz. Learn how removing a ring of bark affects the transport of organic substances in trees by investigating the role of phloem. Understand the significance of phloem and its function in plant biology through this practical experiment.
