Upper respiratory tract anatomy

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract extends from which structure to the alveoli?

Terminal bronchioles (correct)

Pharynx

Larynx

Paranasal sinuses

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

Nose and nasal cavities

Paranasal sinuses

Pharynx

Alveoli (correct)

The upper respiratory tract lies partly in the skull due to the presence of which structure?

Terminal bronchioles

Middle ear (correct)

Pharynx

Alveolar sacs

How many regions are there in each nasal cavity?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve transmits through the perforations in the cribriform plate?

CN I Signup and view all the answers

What are the posterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

Choanae Signup and view all the answers

Where do the posterior openings of the nasal cavities lead into?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What are the anterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

Nares Signup and view all the answers

What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

Maxillary and palatine bone Signup and view all the answers

What forms the roof of the nasal cavities?

Frontal and nasal bone Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the roof of the nasal cavities contains perforations for the olfactory nerves?

Cribriform plate Signup and view all the answers

What are the curled shelves of bone in the nasal cavities called?

Turbinates Signup and view all the answers

How many nasal conchae are present in the nasal cavities?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which conchae is located superiorly in the nasal cavities?

Superior nasal conchae Signup and view all the answers

How many air channels/meatuses do the conchae create in the nasal cavities?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conchae or turbinates?

Swallowing foreign material caught by nasal hairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conchae and meatuses in the nasal cavity?

To improve filtration, heating, and humidification of inspired air Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in the conchae and nasal cavities?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the internal nasal anatomy have on inspired air and odorants?

It pushes them to the olfactory area Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

Protect vital structures in facial trauma Signup and view all the answers

Where are the paranasal sinuses located?

Within the bones of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Ciliated, columnar, mucous secreting respiratory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

How does the mucosa of the paranasal air sinuses compare to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?

The mucosa of the sinuses is thinner and less vascular Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of the respiratory epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?

It promotes the spread of infections from the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures are closely related to the paranasal air sinuses?

Orbits and meninges Signup and view all the answers

What are the linings of the brain called?

Meninges Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can result from infection spreading to the brain or meninges?

Meningitis Signup and view all the answers

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) has how many major divisions?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory supply to the nasal cavities and sinuses?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory supply to the upper part of the face?

Ophthalmic (CN V1) Signup and view all the answers

The sensory supply to the frontal sinuses is primarily provided by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

Ophthalmic (CN V1) Signup and view all the answers

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve supply the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and nasal cavity?

Ophthalmic (CN V1) and Maxillary (CN V2) Signup and view all the answers

The maxillary sinuses are primarily supplied by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

Maxillary (CN V2) Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of sinusitis?

Both viral and bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of which structures?

Lining of the nasal cavity and the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can result from sinusitis?

Orofacial pain, headache, and toothache Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of sinusitis?

Nasal blockage and congestion Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for the forehead pain and headache associated with frontal sinusitis?

Ophthalmic (CN V1) division Signup and view all the answers

Dental pain can be experienced with acute maxillary sinusitis due to compression/irritation of which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

Maxillary (CN V2) division Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nasal cavity is a common site for nosebleeds?

Cartilaginous nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the anastomotic plexus of small arteries on the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum?

Kiesselbach's plexus Signup and view all the answers

How do all the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

Assisted gravity Signup and view all the answers

Which sinuses are more prone to infections due to impaired drainage?

Maxillary sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when the drainage system is impaired?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx allows the nasal cavities and the middle ear to open into it?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

During swallowing, what happens to the pharynx?

It becomes a food channel Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx opens into the laryngeal inlet?

Laryngopharynx Signup and view all the answers

How is the nasopharynx closed?

By lifting of the soft palate Signup and view all the answers

How many external circular constrictor muscles are there in the pharynx?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles are the muscles of the pharynx?

Voluntary smooth muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are classified as internal longitudinal elevators in the pharynx?

Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, and Inferior Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve supplies most of the pharyngeal muscles?

CN X (Vagus) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus muscle?

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) Signup and view all the answers

Which space lies behind the pharynx and can result in airway occlusion?

Retropharyngeal space Signup and view all the answers

What lymphoid tissue enlargement can occlude the nasopharynx in children?

Pharyngeal tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the anterior surface of the oropharynx?

Posterior tongue Signup and view all the answers

The nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx at which structure?

Pharyngeal isthmus Signup and view all the answers

What marks the start of the laryngopharynx?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

Which tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

Palatine tonsils Signup and view all the answers

The laryngeal inlet opens into which part of the pharynx?

Laryngopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What can the floor of the nasopharynx (soft palate) do?

Elevate and depress Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve supplies the motor innervation to the pharynx?

Vagus nerve (CN X) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Signup and view all the answers

The maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) contributes to the sensory supply of which region of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the oropharynx?

Stylopharyngeus muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and Vagus nerve (CN X) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

How does the larynx move during swallowing?

It moves up and down under the action of extrinsic muscles Signup and view all the answers

Where does the larynx extend from and to?

From the tongue (C3 vertebral level) to the trachea (C6 vertebra) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the larynx?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The rima glottidis can be opened and closed to:

Protect the airway Signup and view all the answers

How can the true vocal folds be manipulated to produce sound?

Contracting and relaxing the intrinsic muscles of the larynx Signup and view all the answers

The vocal ligaments extend from the vocal process of the _ to the _ cartilage.

Arytenoid cartilage; thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue covers the vocal ligaments?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

The true vocal folds are formed by the mucosa covering the underlying:

Vocal ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for opening the glottis?

Posterior cricoarytenoids Signup and view all the answers

Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoids can lead to:

Asphyxiation Signup and view all the answers

The main function of the posterior cricoarytenoids is to:

Abduct the vocal folds Signup and view all the answers

The posterior cricoarytenoids are intrinsic muscles of the:

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

The cricothyroid muscle is supplied by which branch of the vagus nerve?

Superior laryngeal branch Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except for the cricothyroid muscle?

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) Signup and view all the answers

On the right side, which artery does the right recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve arch over?

Subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

On the left side, which structure does the left recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve loop over?

Aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal biological function of the larynx?

To control and prevent the entry of foreign bodies into the airways Signup and view all the answers

Which body part does the larynx primarily regulate during ventilation?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the larynx as a sphincter?

It controls the entry of foreign bodies into the airways Signup and view all the answers

Upper respiratory tract anatomy

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract extends from which structure to the alveoli?

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

The upper respiratory tract lies partly in the skull due to the presence of which structure?

How many regions are there in each nasal cavity?

Which cranial nerve transmits through the perforations in the cribriform plate?

What are the posterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

Where do the posterior openings of the nasal cavities lead into?

What are the anterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

What forms the roof of the nasal cavities?

Which structure in the roof of the nasal cavities contains perforations for the olfactory nerves?

What are the curled shelves of bone in the nasal cavities called?

How many nasal conchae are present in the nasal cavities?

Which conchae is located superiorly in the nasal cavities?

How many air channels/meatuses do the conchae create in the nasal cavities?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conchae or turbinates?

What is the purpose of the conchae and meatuses in the nasal cavity?

Which type of epithelium is found in the conchae and nasal cavities?

What effect does the internal nasal anatomy have on inspired air and odorants?

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

Where are the paranasal sinuses located?

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

How does the mucosa of the paranasal air sinuses compare to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?

What is a disadvantage of the respiratory epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?

Which anatomical structures are closely related to the paranasal air sinuses?

What are the linings of the brain called?

Which of the following conditions can result from infection spreading to the brain or meninges?

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) has how many major divisions?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory supply to the nasal cavities and sinuses?

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory supply to the upper part of the face?

The sensory supply to the frontal sinuses is primarily provided by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve supply the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and nasal cavity?

The maxillary sinuses are primarily supplied by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

What are the possible causes of sinusitis?

Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of which structures?

Which of the following can result from sinusitis?

Which of the following is a symptom of sinusitis?

Which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for the forehead pain and headache associated with frontal sinusitis?

Dental pain can be experienced with acute maxillary sinusitis due to compression/irritation of which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

Which part of the nasal cavity is a common site for nosebleeds?

What is the name of the anastomotic plexus of small arteries on the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum?

How do all the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

Which sinuses are more prone to infections due to impaired drainage?

What can happen when the drainage system is impaired?

Which part of the pharynx allows the nasal cavities and the middle ear to open into it?

During swallowing, what happens to the pharynx?

Which part of the pharynx opens into the laryngeal inlet?

How is the nasopharynx closed?

How many external circular constrictor muscles are there in the pharynx?

Which type of muscles are the muscles of the pharynx?

Which muscles are classified as internal longitudinal elevators in the pharynx?

Which cranial nerve supplies most of the pharyngeal muscles?

Which cranial nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus muscle?

Which space lies behind the pharynx and can result in airway occlusion?

What lymphoid tissue enlargement can occlude the nasopharynx in children?

What structure forms the anterior surface of the oropharynx?

The nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx at which structure?

What marks the start of the laryngopharynx?

Which tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

The laryngeal inlet opens into which part of the pharynx?

What can the floor of the nasopharynx (soft palate) do?

Which cranial nerve supplies the motor innervation to the pharynx?

Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

The maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) contributes to the sensory supply of which region of the pharynx?

Which muscle is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the oropharynx?

Which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

How does the larynx move during swallowing?

Where does the larynx extend from and to?

What is the function of the larynx?

The rima glottidis can be opened and closed to:

How can the true vocal folds be manipulated to produce sound?

The vocal ligaments extend from the vocal process of the _______ to the _______ cartilage.

What type of epithelial tissue covers the vocal ligaments?

The true vocal folds are formed by the mucosa covering the underlying:

Which muscle is responsible for opening the glottis?

The vocal ligaments extend from the vocal process of the _ to the _ cartilage.