Upper respiratory tract anatomy
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Questions and Answers

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract extends from which structure to the alveoli?

  • Terminal bronchioles (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Paranasal sinuses

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Nose and nasal cavities
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Alveoli (correct)

    • The upper respiratory tract lies partly in the skull due to the presence of which structure?

  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Middle ear (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Alveolar sacs

    • How many regions are there in each nasal cavity?

    <p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve transmits through the perforations in the cribriform plate?

    <p>CN I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the posterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

    <p>Choanae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the posterior openings of the nasal cavities lead into?

    <p>Nasopharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the anterior openings of the nasal cavities called?

    <p>Nares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

    <p>Maxillary and palatine bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the roof of the nasal cavities?

    <p>Frontal and nasal bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the roof of the nasal cavities contains perforations for the olfactory nerves?

    <p>Cribriform plate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the curled shelves of bone in the nasal cavities called?

    <p>Turbinates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nasal conchae are present in the nasal cavities?

    <p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conchae is located superiorly in the nasal cavities?

    <p>Superior nasal conchae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many air channels/meatuses do the conchae create in the nasal cavities?

    <p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the conchae or turbinates?

    <p>Swallowing foreign material caught by nasal hairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conchae and meatuses in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To improve filtration, heating, and humidification of inspired air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is found in the conchae and nasal cavities?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the internal nasal anatomy have on inspired air and odorants?

    <p>It pushes them to the olfactory area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

    <p>Protect vital structures in facial trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the paranasal sinuses located?

    <p>Within the bones of the skull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Ciliated, columnar, mucous secreting respiratory epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the mucosa of the paranasal air sinuses compare to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?

    <p>The mucosa of the sinuses is thinner and less vascular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the respiratory epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>It promotes the spread of infections from the nasal cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structures are closely related to the paranasal air sinuses?

    <p>Orbits and meninges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the linings of the brain called?

    <p>Meninges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can result from infection spreading to the brain or meninges?

    <p>Meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trigeminal nerve (CN V) has how many major divisions?

    <p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory supply to the nasal cavities and sinuses?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (CN V) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory supply to the upper part of the face?

    <p>Ophthalmic (CN V1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensory supply to the frontal sinuses is primarily provided by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Ophthalmic (CN V1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve supply the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and nasal cavity?

    <p>Ophthalmic (CN V1) and Maxillary (CN V2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillary sinuses are primarily supplied by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Maxillary (CN V2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible causes of sinusitis?

    <p>Both viral and bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of which structures?

    <p>Lining of the nasal cavity and the sinuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can result from sinusitis?

    <p>Orofacial pain, headache, and toothache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of sinusitis?

    <p>Nasal blockage and congestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for the forehead pain and headache associated with frontal sinusitis?

    <p>Ophthalmic (CN V1) division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental pain can be experienced with acute maxillary sinusitis due to compression/irritation of which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

    <p>Maxillary (CN V2) division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nasal cavity is a common site for nosebleeds?

    <p>Cartilaginous nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the anastomotic plexus of small arteries on the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum?

    <p>Kiesselbach's plexus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do all the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

    <p>Assisted gravity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinuses are more prone to infections due to impaired drainage?

    <p>Maxillary sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen when the drainage system is impaired?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx allows the nasal cavities and the middle ear to open into it?

    <p>Nasopharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, what happens to the pharynx?

    <p>It becomes a food channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx opens into the laryngeal inlet?

    <p>Laryngopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the nasopharynx closed?

    <p>By lifting of the soft palate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many external circular constrictor muscles are there in the pharynx?

    <p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles are the muscles of the pharynx?

    <p>Voluntary smooth muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are classified as internal longitudinal elevators in the pharynx?

    <p>Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, and Inferior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve supplies most of the pharyngeal muscles?

    <p>CN X (Vagus) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus muscle?

    <p>CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which space lies behind the pharynx and can result in airway occlusion?

    <p>Retropharyngeal space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lymphoid tissue enlargement can occlude the nasopharynx in children?

    <p>Pharyngeal tonsils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms the anterior surface of the oropharynx?

    <p>Posterior tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx at which structure?

    <p>Pharyngeal isthmus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the start of the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

    <p>Palatine tonsils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngeal inlet opens into which part of the pharynx?

    <p>Laryngopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the floor of the nasopharynx (soft palate) do?

    <p>Elevate and depress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve supplies the motor innervation to the pharynx?

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) contributes to the sensory supply of which region of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the oropharynx?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and Vagus nerve (CN X) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the larynx move during swallowing?

    <p>It moves up and down under the action of extrinsic muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the larynx extend from and to?

    <p>From the tongue (C3 vertebral level) to the trachea (C6 vertebra) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rima glottidis can be opened and closed to:

    <p>Protect the airway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the true vocal folds be manipulated to produce sound?

    <p>Contracting and relaxing the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vocal ligaments extend from the vocal process of the _______ to the _______ cartilage.

    <p>Arytenoid cartilage; thyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue covers the vocal ligaments?

    <p>Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The true vocal folds are formed by the mucosa covering the underlying:

    <p>Vocal ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for opening the glottis?

    <p>Posterior cricoarytenoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoids can lead to:

    <p>Asphyxiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the posterior cricoarytenoids is to:

    <p>Abduct the vocal folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior cricoarytenoids are intrinsic muscles of the:

    <p>Larynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cricothyroid muscle is supplied by which branch of the vagus nerve?

    <p>Superior laryngeal branch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except for the cricothyroid muscle?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the right side, which artery does the right recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve arch over?

    <p>Subclavian artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the left side, which structure does the left recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve loop over?

    <p>Aortic arch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal biological function of the larynx?

    <p>To control and prevent the entry of foreign bodies into the airways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body part does the larynx primarily regulate during ventilation?

    <p>Trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the larynx as a sphincter?

    <p>It controls the entry of foreign bodies into the airways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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