Government Spending and Taxation
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Questions and Answers

Why is it important to learn about politics?

  • To become a leader in the government
  • To understand how the legal system works
  • To defend against manipulation and make informed decisions (correct)
  • To protect civil rights and civil liberties

    • What were the three points that Locke advocated for in his essay concerning toleration?

  • The importance of government control over religion, the need for religious uniformity, and the role of the state in evaluating religious truth-claims
  • The impossibility of evaluating religious truth-claims, the ineffectiveness of enforcing a single 'true religion', and the social disorder caused by coercing religious uniformity (correct)
  • The need for government control over religion, the importance of enforcing a single 'true religion', and the role of the state in evaluating religious truth-claims
  • The role of Earthly judges in evaluating religious truth-claims, the need for religious diversity, and the negative impact of religious uniformity on society

    • What was Locke's view on the ultimate aim of the state?

  • To enforce a single 'true religion'
  • To guarantee religious freedom and human rights
  • To preserve the quiet and comfortable living of men in society (correct)
  • To evaluate the truth-claims of competing religious standpoints

    • What did Locke argue about the state of nature?

    <p>It would have been broadly peaceful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Locke's book 'The Two Treatises of Government' aim to answer?

    <p>The question of who should rule the country and on what legitimate bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common ways of addressing collective action problems?

    <p>Social norms, legal sanctions, and tax incentives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text argue that not all collective action problems are worth solving?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prisoner's dilemma?

    <p>A situation where individuals face choices that result in mutual harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one proposed solution to the prisoner's dilemma?

    <p>Refusing to cooperate with those who violate the rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem highlighted by the prisoner's dilemma?

    <p>Lack of cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Robert Putnam's book 'Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community'?

    <p>The collapse of American community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization is often credited with the development of democracy in urban settings?

    <p>Athens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of government in the United States?

    <p>Representative democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Richard Arneson argue about the moral legitimacy of democracy?

    <p>It is based on better consequences for people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Locke, why do people agree to move from the state of nature into a civil society?

    <p>To gain protection of laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What powers are established in civil society according to Locke?

    <p>Legislative, executive, and judicial powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Locke's view on the government's freedom to act without consulting the commonwealth?

    <p>The government should have limited freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Locke's safeguard against tyranny in government?

    <p>The people's right to remove the governmental powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the civil state becomes worse than the state of nature according to Locke?

    <p>The people have the right to dissolve the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative liberty in the political realm refers to

    <p>The absence of government control over individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Rawls, the 'difference principle' states that social and economic inequalities must satisfy two conditions, which are

    <p>They must be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Welfare liberalism is a theory of justice that holds

    <p>The well-being of citizens must be a vital component of our agreement to obey a government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Berlin, positive liberty can be defined as

    <p>The wish to be one's own master</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, the 'veil of ignorance' is a concept that involves

    <p>Being unaware of one's personal circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, the 'liberty principle' states that

    <p>Each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, the 'difference principle' states that social and economic inequalities must satisfy two conditions, which are

    <p>They must be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Welfare liberalism is a theory of justice that holds

    <p>Individuals have claims on resources and care from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the meaning of 'liberal' in popular American discourse and in political philosophy?

    <p>In popular American discourse, liberal means someone who believes in representative democracy and is politically left of center. In political philosophy, liberalism emphasizes limited government and individual liberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Stuart Mill, what is the sole end for which mankind are warranted in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number?

    <p>Self-protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does John Stuart Mill argue for in his work 'On Liberty'?

    <p>Limited government and minimizing government interference in people's lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of liberalism as a political philosophy, according to the text?

    <p>Limited government and individual liberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the use of empirical methods in the field of sociology?

    <p>W.E.B. Du Bois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Du Bois criticize early sociologists for?

    <p>Making broad generalizations about human societies based on vague, personal impressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Du Bois compare his findings to in order to gain more insight?

    <p>US Census Bureau data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Du Bois's study and book, 'The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study', become?

    <p>The first empirical analysis of racism in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Du Bois's data show about the occupations of African Americans in the Seventh Ward compared to the whole of Philadelphia?

    <p>A significantly greater percentage of African Americans were engaged in low-skilled, low-paying occupations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marx and Engels, what is the driving force of change in society?

    <p>The economic conflicts between social classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Marx view as a key part of the 'economic law of motion of modern society' that would inevitably lead to revolution?

    <p>The concept of surplus value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marx, what would bring down capitalism and give rise to a classless society?

    <p>The clash of economic interests between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

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