Government as Customers of Multinational Corporations

Lockheed Martin, Boeing, BAE Systems, and Airbus Defence and Space are examples of companies that usually sell agricultural products to the government.

Multinational corporations like Apple and Microsoft operate divisions in multiple countries to expand their business and reach more customers.

Firms with major government customers tend to have lower ESG performance compared to those without government clients.

The government does not play a role in stimulating other stakeholder groups like institutional investors and media to promote the ESG practices of listed companies.

ESG performance is not affected by factors like female managers, institutional ownership, media coverage, and public attention.

Business to government (B2G) marketing primarily focuses on the relationship between businesses and individual consumers.

Multinational corporations like Apple and Microsoft usually have divisions in multiple countries to expand their business.

Government typically purchases military equipment from companies like Monsanto, Cargill, Syngenta, and ADM.

Companies with major government customers tend to exhibit higher ESG performance compared to those without such customers.

Female managers play a negligible role in enhancing the positive relationship between major government customers and ESG performance.

Business to government (B2G) marketing focuses on the relationship between businesses and individual consumers.

Listed companies should solely rely on the government for promoting their ESG practices without engaging other stakeholder groups.