Gothic Cathedral Architecture
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Questions and Answers

Where were the kings of France once crowned?

  • Notre Dame Cathedral
  • Reims Cathedral (correct)
  • Cologne Cathedral
  • Amiens Cathedral

    • Which cathedral in England features a magnificent central tower and spire?

  • King's College Chapel
  • Amiens Cathedral
  • Salisbury Cathedral (correct)
  • Cologne Cathedral

    • Which Gothic church in Germany has the largest floor space among all Gothic churches?

  • Notre Dame Cathedral
  • King's College Chapel
  • Doge's Palace
  • Cologne Cathedral (correct)

    • Which chapel is part of the University of Cambridge and features fan vaulting of the roof?

    <p>King's College Chapel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which residence, built in Venetian Gothic style, belonged to the chief magistrate of Venice?

    <p>Doge's Palace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the architects of the Ca D'Oro in Venice?

    <p>Giovanni Bon and Bartolomeo Bon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the home church of a bishop?

    <p>Cathedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Gothic architecture?

    <p>Use of rounded arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tracery in cathedral architecture?

    <p>Ornamental openwork dividing windows into sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of cathedral architecture supports the wall at the point where the thrust of an interior arch is greatest?

    <p>Flying buttresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is considered the last great Italian artist in the Byzantine style?

    <p>Cimabue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who among the following was a student of Cimabue?

    <p>Giotto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style of Gothic architecture is characterized by flamelike tracery and intricate detailing?

    <p>Flamboyant Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concave conical vault whose ribs radiate from the springing like the ribs of a fan?

    <p>Fan vault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style in English Gothic architecture is known for lancet windows and plate tracery?

    <p>Early English/Lancet Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Abbey Church of St. Denis is significant because it was the first major structure to be designed and built in which architectural style?

    <p>Gothic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle section of a church façade typically characterized by?

    <p>Rose window and lancet windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural landmark in France is known for its unmatched towers?

    <p>Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to brackets set into the wall to carry a beam?

    <p>Corbels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style in English Gothic architecture is characterized by perpendicular tracery and fanlike vaults?

    <p>Perpendicular/Rectilinear Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is often considered the founder of Renaissance painting?

    <p>Giotto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as the first naturalist painter of Italy?

    <p>Giotto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist's frescoes are the earliest monuments of Humanism?

    <p>Masaccio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a Dominican monk and dedicated his art to religious themes?

    <p>Fra Angelico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was instrumental in opening stories and characters of classical mythology through art?

    <p>Boticelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist perfected the process of painting with oil and varnish along with his brother?

    <p>Jan van Eyck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Donatello's works is a bronze sculpture?

    <p>Gattamelata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known for using luminous, gem-like colors in his works?

    <p>Fra Angelico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who won the competition for designing the Florence Baptistery doors?

    <p>Ghiberti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brunelleschi contribute to Italian art and architecture during the 15th Century?

    <p>Linear perspective and chiaroscuro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the effects of the invention of the printing press?

    <p>Wider distribution of images and ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family was known for supporting and promoting artists of the Renaissance?

    <p>The Medici</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation stimulated the growth of the graphic arts in Europe?

    <p>The printing press</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genre of art became more prominent due to the rise of individualism in the 15th century?

    <p>Portraiture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief underpinned Scholasticism during the historical background of the period?

    <p>God as creator and ultimate source of order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the weakening of the church's authority influence art during this period?

    <p>Art started focusing more on secular and humanistic themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the leader of the 16th-century Venetian school of the Italian Renaissance?

    <p>Titian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark was designed by Donato Bramante and marks the spot of St. Peter’s crucifixion?

    <p>Tempietto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known as the 'Leonardo of the North'?

    <p>Albrecht Durer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of High Renaissance architecture?

    <p>Tall pilasters with Corinthian capitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist created the painting 'Peasant Wedding'?

    <p>Pieter Bruegel The Elder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of Tempietto's architecture?

    <p>Dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architect applied the classical orders of columns to the facade on the three levels of zo Rucellai?

    <p>Leon Batista Alberti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who built the Pazzo Pitti, the largest palace in Italy aside from the Vatican?

    <p>Lucca Pitti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique did Leonardo da Vinci use to blur sharp outlines with subtle, tonal gradations?

    <p>Sfumato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following works is NOT associated with Michelangelo Buonarotti?

    <p>The School of Athens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event was part of the backdrop to the Italian High Renaissance?

    <p>The Great Protestant Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Raphael receive his early training?

    <p>Umbria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known for works such as 'Tempest' and 'Sleeping Venus'?

    <p>Giorgione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these artists was best known as a Venetian renaissance painter?

    <p>Giorgione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist was known as a supreme colorist?

    <p>Veronese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is regarded as the greatest architect of 16th-century northern Italy?

    <p>Andrea Palladio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with the Counter-Reformation?

    <p>War of the Spanish Armada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the Royal Academy in France?

    <p>Jean-Baptiste Colbert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist was termed 'II Furioso'?

    <p>Tintoretto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style became the official style in France during the 17-18th century?

    <p>Baroque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which painting is one of Tintoretto's well-known works?

    <p>The Conversion of St. Paul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which villa by Andrea Palladio features a central circular hall with a dome?

    <p>Villa Capra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of finish is used in Ashlar masonry in Italian Early Renaissance architecture?

    <p>Rusticated finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Duomo of the Cathedral of Florence, what unique structural feature did Brunelleschi use for the dome?

    <p>Resting on a drum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary design element in Ospedale Degli Innocenti?

    <p>Series of round arches supported by slender columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural feature is present in the upper storey of Palazzo Medici-Ricardi?

    <p>Dressed stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common in the doors and windows of Italian Early Renaissance architecture?

    <p>Molded architrave or pediment in triangular or segmental type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the walls of Italian Early Renaissance buildings typically divided?

    <p>Three horizontal bands of classic molding under the windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of windows is featured in the Ospedale Degli Innocenti?

    <p>Tabernacle windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design influence is visible in the open colonnaded court of Palazzo Medici-Ricardi?

    <p>Brunelleschi's Foundling Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of roof feature is associated with French Renaissance architecture?

    <p>High (mansard) roofs with dormer windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural element is a Palais de Fontainbleau known for?

    <p>Horseshoe-shaped entrance staircase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architect introduced Renaissance Classicism into England?

    <p>Inigo Jones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical characteristic of Elizabethan period architecture in England?

    <p>Large mullioned windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which French Renaissance architectural landmark was influenced by Italian Renaissance elements?

    <p>Chateau de Chambord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style is known for elongated or over muscular figures and extravagantly contorted poses?

    <p>Mannerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which monarch's reign was Elizabethan period architecture prominent?

    <p>Elizabeth I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural feature is a hallmark of Harduick Hall?

    <p>Large mullioned windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Art and Architecture

    Cathedral

    • A cathedral is the home church of a bishop, typically the principal church in a diocese, derived from the Greek word "kathedra" meaning "seat" or "throne".

    Characteristics of Gothic Architecture

    • Building of great cathedrals
    • Progressive lightening and heightening of structures
    • Use of pointed arch and ribbed vault
    • Use of a system of richly decorated fenestration

    Cathedral Architectural Features

    • Stained glass
    • Tracery, ornamental openwork, divides windows into sections
    • Clerestory windows, windows reaching the ceiling or a large coiling
    • Pointed arches and windows
    • Rose window, a circular window with tracery mullions radiating from a central point
    • Flying buttresses, an exterior structure composed of thin half-arches, or flyers
    • Ribbed groin vaults, a compound vault that requires less buttressing
    • Lierne vault, a lierne rib any small subordinate

    Artists

    • Cimabue, original name Bencivieni di Pepo, painter and mosaicist, the last great Italian artist in the Byzantine style
    • Giotto, a student of Cimabue, whose works point to the innovations of the Renaissance style

    Phases of English Gothic Architecture

    • Early English/Lancet Style (from 12th-13th C): Lancet windows and plate tracery
    • Decorated Style (late 13th-late 14th C): Rich tracery, elaborate ornamental vaulting, and refinement of stone cutting techniques
    • Perpendicular/Rectilinear Style (late 14th C-early 16th C): Perpendicular tracery, fine intricate stonework, and elaborate fanlike vaults

    Three Divisions of the Church Façade

    • Bottom section: 3 great portals, recessed doorways under high, sculpture-filled pointed arches
    • Middle: Rose window and other lancet windows
    • Upper: Towers and spires

    Architectural Landmarks

    • Abbey Church of St. Denis: Is an architectural landmark as it was the first major structure of which a substantial part was designed and built in the Gothic style
    • Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres: Known as France's "model" church, known for its unmatched towers
    • Amiens Cathedral, France: The tallest complete cathedral in France, with the greatest interior volume
    • Reims Cathedral, France: Built in the High Gothic style, features more window space and the tympanum walls are filled with glass

    Key Terms

    • Fan vault: A concave conical vault whose ribs, equal length and curvature, radiate from the springing like the ribs of a fan
    • Gargoyles: Grotesquely carved figures
    • Pier: A column-like support for arches in the Gothic church
    • Compound column: A pier composed of a conjunction of colonettes, generally attached to a central shaft; a clustered column
    • Bosses: Ornamental projections covering the intersections of the ribs
    • Crockets: Projecting carved ornaments in a bud or leaf shape used on the sides of the pinnacles and spires
    • Corbels: Brackets set into the wall to carry a beam

    Renaissance Period (13th-16th C)

    • Renaissance means rebirth of the art of classic antiquity that occurred in Italy in the 14th C

    Italy - 1360

    The Florence Baptistery Door Competition

    • A style of Italian art and architecture developed during the 15th Century in Florence by the designers of the city's baptistery doors

    Famous Artists

    • Giotto (Giotto di Bondone): Often considered the founder of Renaissance painting
    • Masaccio (Tomaso Guidi): A disciple of Giotto; first great painter of the Italian Renaissance
    • Fra Angelico (Guido di Pietro da Mugello): A Dominican monk, all of his art was dedicated to religious themes
    • Fra (Lippo) Lippi: A complete antithesis of Fra Angelico; more concerned with physical beauty than spiritual depth
    • Alessandro Botticelli: Instrumental with the opening to us the stories and characters of classical mythology
    • Donatello: Sculptor known for sacred themes

    Italian Early Renaissance Architecture

    • General Characteristics: Ashlar masonry in rusticated finish in horizontal courses, Horizontal cornices and balustrades, Doors and windows finished with molded architrave of the classic type or pediment in triangular or segmental type
    • Vaulted ceilings: Without ribs; dome raised in a drum in fresco
    • Classic orders: Appear decoratively in facades, structural in arcades

    Early Renaissance Architectural Landmarks

    • The Duomo or Dome of the Cathedral of Florence, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi
    • Ospedale Degli Innocenti (Foundling Hospital) by Brunelleschi
    • Palazzo Medici-Ricardi by Michelezzo & Brunelleschi

    Italian High Renaissance (late 15th- early 16th C)

    • Historical Background: Reigns of Francis I, Henry VIII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
    • Three Big Names of High Renaissance Art: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Raphael

    Characteristics of High Renaissance Architecture

    • Impressive staircase: In front of the high, rusticates base
    • Stringcourse: Separating the base from the first story
    • Tall pilasters: With Corinthian capitals
    • Alternating arched and triangular pediments: Over windows
    • Ornamental cartouches: Over doorways and statuary
    • The circle: A dominant motif

    High Renaissance Architectural Landmarks

    • Tempietto by Donato Bramante
    • Capitoline Hill by Michelangelo

    Renaissance in France

    • General Characteristics of the French Renaissance Architecture: The transitional period featured a Gothic and Renaissance ensemble, Classical horizontality in the French manner, and a tendency to Gothic verticality
    • Architectural Landmarks:
      • Chateau de Chambord: A palace started by Francis I; its architecture is a carefully balanced blend of traditional elements of Medieval French architecture and other elements borrowed from the Italian Renaissance
      • Palais de Fontainbleau (1526): Used by the kings of France from the 12th century, the medieval royal hunting lodge of Fontainebleau, built by Francois I

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    Discover the characteristics and architectural features of Gothic cathedrals, from pointed arches to stained glass. Explore the history and design elements of these magnificent structures.

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