40 Questions
What are the most frequently affected animals by gossypol toxicity?
Preruminants
Which animals are more resistant to gossypol's toxic effects?
Mature ruminants
What are the reproductive effects observed in females due to gossypol toxicity?
Irregular cycling and disrupted pregnancy
What treatment is recommended for gossypol toxicity?
Removal of the gossypol source from the feed and supportive care
Which of the following is a potential effect of excessive gossypol consumption in rams and bulls?
Irregular cycling and pregnancy disruption in females
What is a potential clinical sign of prolonged excess exposure to gossypol in many animals?
Weight loss and anorexia
In which animals may cardiomyopathy and sudden death occur due to excessive gossypol exposure?
Young lambs, goats, and calves
What is a potential reproductive effect of excessive gossypol consumption in adult dairy cattle?
Reproductive problems
What is a potential clinical sign of gossypol toxicosis in pigs?
Violent dyspnea ('thumping')
What is a potential clinical sign of gossypol toxicosis in dogs?
Polydipsia and serum electrolyte imbalances
What is a potential effect of acute gossypol exposure in monogastric animals?
Sudden circulatory failure
What are potential postmortem findings for dogs affected by gossypol toxicosis?
Edematous and congested lungs with pulmonary edema
How can gossypol toxicosis be diagnosed in pigs or young ruminants?
Dietary analysis for free gossypol concentration
What is the appropriate daily intake of free gossypol for adult ruminants to avoid toxic effects?
More than 1,000 ppm free gossypol in the diet
What was the approximate daily intake of free gossypol that caused adverse effects on semen quality in young bulls?
1,500 ppm free gossypol
Why is it challenging to diagnose gossypol toxicosis using serologic tests?
Because the responsible feed may not be available for analysis.
What is the principal by-product of cottonseed oil refining?
Cottonseed soapstock (foots)
How is lipid-soluble gossypol absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?
It binds to amino acids, especially lysine, and to dietary iron
What is one of the effects of gossypol on enzymatic reactions?
Impairs the liver's ability to metabolize xenobiotic compounds
Which animals are reported to be sensitive to gossypol?
Dogs and cats
What is the main route of excretion for gossypol?
Feces
What can prolonged exposure to gossypol cause in horses?
Sudden death due to acute heart failure
What effect does gossypol have on the liver?
Causes direct damage to hepatocytes
What is the effect of gossypol on the cardiac system?
Results in acute heart failure
What is the metabolic fate of gossypol in animals?
It forms stable complexes with proteins
How does gossypol affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
What is a potential reproductive effect of gossypol toxicity observed in males?
Reduced libido with decreased spermatogenesis
What is one of the pulmonary effects likely caused by gossypol toxicosis?
Labored breathing
What is the daily equivalent oral dosage of free gossypol that was fed to adult dogs?
Less than 6 mg/kg per day
What concentrations of gossypol in the kidneys suggest excess gossypol exposure in sheep?
Free or bound gossypol >10 ppm
What are the differential diagnoses for toxicoses that may cause similar clinical signs and postmortem lesions to gossypol toxicity?
Mycotoxicoses caused by Fusarium-contaminated grain
What is the removal recommendation for suspected feed in animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?
Immediate removal of all cottonseed products from the diet
What is the prognosis for complete recovery from gossypol toxicosis in animals with advanced life-threatening lesions?
Unfavorable prognosis for recovery
What is recommended as supportive therapy for animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?
Diet supplemented with lysine, methionine, and fat-soluble vitamins
In which animals are dietary gossypol concentrations >100 ppm reported to cause clinical signs and tissue residues of dietary gossypol exposure?
Swine and young ruminants
What is reported to be effective in preventing clinical signs and tissue residues of dietary gossypol exposure in swine diets?
Added iron up to 400 ppm
What should be included in supportive therapy for animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?
High intake of protein, lysine, and methionine
In what animal is an oral dosage of free gossypol fed considered toxic?
Adult dogs only
What is the main factor upon which recovery from mild to moderate myocardial lesions in animals affected by gossypol toxicosis depends?
Minimizing stress and careful handling of animals
What is the reported dietary limit for gossypol concentrations in cattle to prevent anemia, poor growth, or decreased milk production?
≤1,000 ppm
Test your knowledge on the extensive damage caused by excessive gossypol intake in rams, bulls, and poultry. Explore the effects on spermatogenesis, female reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and embryotoxicosis, as well as potential mechanisms and impacts on egg hatchability.
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