Gossypol Toxicity in Livestock and Poultry
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Questions and Answers

What are the most frequently affected animals by gossypol toxicity?

  • Mature ruminants
  • Poultry
  • Preruminants (correct)
  • Dogs

    • Which animals are more resistant to gossypol's toxic effects?

  • Pigs
  • Mature ruminants (correct)
  • Dogs
  • Dairy cows

    • What are the reproductive effects observed in females due to gossypol toxicity?

  • Increased hatchability in chickens
  • Regular cycling and normal pregnancy
  • Irregular cycling and disrupted pregnancy (correct)
  • Increased libido and spermatogenesis

    • What treatment is recommended for gossypol toxicity?

    <p>Removal of the gossypol source from the feed and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of excessive gossypol consumption in rams and bulls?

    <p>Irregular cycling and pregnancy disruption in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential clinical sign of prolonged excess exposure to gossypol in many animals?

    <p>Weight loss and anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which animals may cardiomyopathy and sudden death occur due to excessive gossypol exposure?

    <p>Young lambs, goats, and calves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reproductive effect of excessive gossypol consumption in adult dairy cattle?

    <p>Reproductive problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential clinical sign of gossypol toxicosis in pigs?

    <p>Violent dyspnea ('thumping')</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential clinical sign of gossypol toxicosis in dogs?

    <p>Polydipsia and serum electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of acute gossypol exposure in monogastric animals?

    <p>Sudden circulatory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential postmortem findings for dogs affected by gossypol toxicosis?

    <p>Edematous and congested lungs with pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can gossypol toxicosis be diagnosed in pigs or young ruminants?

    <p>Dietary analysis for free gossypol concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate daily intake of free gossypol for adult ruminants to avoid toxic effects?

    <p>More than 1,000 ppm free gossypol in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate daily intake of free gossypol that caused adverse effects on semen quality in young bulls?

    <p>1,500 ppm free gossypol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to diagnose gossypol toxicosis using serologic tests?

    <p>Because the responsible feed may not be available for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal by-product of cottonseed oil refining?

    <p>Cottonseed soapstock (foots)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lipid-soluble gossypol absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>It binds to amino acids, especially lysine, and to dietary iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of gossypol on enzymatic reactions?

    <p>Impairs the liver's ability to metabolize xenobiotic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are reported to be sensitive to gossypol?

    <p>Dogs and cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of excretion for gossypol?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can prolonged exposure to gossypol cause in horses?

    <p>Sudden death due to acute heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does gossypol have on the liver?

    <p>Causes direct damage to hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gossypol on the cardiac system?

    <p>Results in acute heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic fate of gossypol in animals?

    <p>It forms stable complexes with proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gossypol affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?

    <p>It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reproductive effect of gossypol toxicity observed in males?

    <p>Reduced libido with decreased spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the pulmonary effects likely caused by gossypol toxicosis?

    <p>Labored breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily equivalent oral dosage of free gossypol that was fed to adult dogs?

    <p>Less than 6 mg/kg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concentrations of gossypol in the kidneys suggest excess gossypol exposure in sheep?

    <p>Free or bound gossypol &gt;10 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differential diagnoses for toxicoses that may cause similar clinical signs and postmortem lesions to gossypol toxicity?

    <p>Mycotoxicoses caused by Fusarium-contaminated grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the removal recommendation for suspected feed in animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?

    <p>Immediate removal of all cottonseed products from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for complete recovery from gossypol toxicosis in animals with advanced life-threatening lesions?

    <p>Unfavorable prognosis for recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended as supportive therapy for animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?

    <p>Diet supplemented with lysine, methionine, and fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which animals are dietary gossypol concentrations >100 ppm reported to cause clinical signs and tissue residues of dietary gossypol exposure?

    <p>Swine and young ruminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reported to be effective in preventing clinical signs and tissue residues of dietary gossypol exposure in swine diets?

    <p>Added iron up to 400 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in supportive therapy for animals affected by gossypol toxicosis?

    <p>High intake of protein, lysine, and methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what animal is an oral dosage of free gossypol fed considered toxic?

    <p>Adult dogs only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor upon which recovery from mild to moderate myocardial lesions in animals affected by gossypol toxicosis depends?

    <p>Minimizing stress and careful handling of animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported dietary limit for gossypol concentrations in cattle to prevent anemia, poor growth, or decreased milk production?

    <p>≤1,000 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

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