Gonorrhea: Causes and Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of infected females who are asymptomatic?

  • 80%
  • 90%
  • 20%
  • 50% (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of urethritis in females infected with Gonorrhea?

  • Infection of the urinary tract
  • Infection of the reproductive system
  • Infection of both the urinary and genital tracts (correct)
  • Infection of the genital tract

    • What is the name of the infection that can occur in the upper part of the female reproductive system?

  • Cervicitis
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)
  • Endometritis
  • Urethritis

    • What is the name of the enzyme produced by Neisseria gonorrhea that enables it to attach and colonize mucous membranes?

    <p>IgA protease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the infection that can occur in neonates born to gonococcus carriers?

    <p>Ophthalmia neonatorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Gonorrhea due to increasing resistance?

    <p>A 3rd generation cephalosporin in combination with azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential complication of Gonorrhea infection in males?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dysuria in females infected with Gonorrhea?

    <p>Urethritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Treponema pallidum?

    <p>Sexual contact and vertical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ulcer that appears in primary syphilis?

    <p>Painless and hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to syphilis due to its diverse symptoms?

    <p>The great imitator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic skin manifestation of secondary syphilis?

    <p>Copper-colored rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical neurological complication of tertiary syphilis?

    <p>Ataxia and paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for treating syphilis?

    <p>Penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gonorrhea

    • Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Neisseria gonorrhea (Gonococcus) and is considered one of the most common STDs.
    • It is a strictly human infection.

    Clinical Manifestations

    Females

    • Gonorrhea infects both the urinary and genital tracts, causing urethritis and cervicitis.
    • Symptoms include mucopurulent (or bloody) vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, and dysuria.
    • Infection can ascend to the upper part of the female reproductive system, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
    • PID can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies due to the buildup of scar tissue.

    Males

    • Gonorrhea mainly causes urethritis, characterized by dysuria and a yellowish discharge.
    • Infection can ascend to cause prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis.
    • Scar tissue formed in the spermatic ducts during healing of an invasive infection can render a man infertile.

    Neonates

    • Children born to gonococcus carriers can be infected as they pass through the birth canal.
    • Gonococcal infection in neonates can cause ophthalmia neonatorum.

    Treatment

    • A 3rd generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, IM) in combination with azithromycin is recommended to treat gonococci and chlamydia associated with it.
    • This is due to increasing resistance to other treatments.

    Syphilis

    • Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, a Gram-negative spirochete
    • Transmitted through sexual contact, saliva, and vertically from mother to child
    • Creates a hazard for dentists due to potential transmission through saliva

    Clinical Stages

    • Untreated syphilis progresses through distinct clinical stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis
    • Latent periods of varying duration occur between each stage
    • Syphilis is nicknamed the "great imitator" due to its ability to mimic symptoms of other diseases

    Primary Syphilis

    • Characterized by the appearance of a chancre, a hard, painless ulcer on the genitals, lips, or fingers

    Secondary Syphilis

    • Copper-colored rash appears on the palms of hands and feet
    • Painful whitish mucous patches (containing spirochetes) appear on the tongue, cheeks, and gums
    • Spread through kissing

    Tertiary Syphilis

    • Cardiovascular syphilis: damage and calcification of heart valves and blood vessels
    • Neurosyphilis: thickening of meninges, ataxia, paralysis, and insanity

    Treatment

    • Penicillin G is the drug of choice for treating syphilis
    • Alternative treatments include macrolides or tetracyclines

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    Description

    This quiz covers the causes, symptoms, and characteristics of Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhea. Learn about the asymptomatic nature of the disease and its effects on males and females.

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