94 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a gram-negative cocci?
Veilonella spp.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria species?
Gram-positive
Which of the following is NOT a member of the HACEK group?
Aggregative bacter
What does a positive catalase test indicate?
The organism produces catalase
Which of the following is a characteristic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Requires carbon dioxide for growth
What is the major role of pili and capsule in the pathogenesis of Neisseria?
To invade host cells
Which of the following is a virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
IgA protease
Where does Neisseria gonorrhoeae primarily occur in the human body?
Urinary tract
Which of the following is a virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Pili
What is the mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Sexual transmission
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of meningococcal meningitis?
Intense headache
What is the definitive diagnosis for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Carbohydrate utilization
Which agar medium is the medium of choice for culture of Neisseria spp.?
Chocolate agar
What is the purpose of the oxidase test in the identification of Neisseria spp.?
To detect the presence of bacterial cytochrome oxidase
Which carbohydrate is expected to be positive in the carbohydrate utilization test for N. gonorrhoeae?
Glucose
Which enzyme is specific for N. gonorrhoeae in the chromogenic assay?
Proline-iminopeptidase
Which of the following is true about N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae?
N. meningitidis can express both pore A and pore B genes, while N. gonorrhoeae can only express pore B genes
What is the primary technique for specimen collection in laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea?
Swabbing using Dacron or Rayon swabs
What is the incubation period for gonorrhea?
2-7 days
Which of the following is a potential complication of gonorrhea in females?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
What is the appearance of colonies of this bacteria on BAP and CAP?
Gray-white, smooth, and opaque
What is the optimum growth temperature for Moraxella catarrhalis
28 deg C
What is the drug of choice for treating infections caused by this Neisseria Mengitidis
Penicillin G
Which age group is the quadrivalent vaccine recommended for?
2-55 years
What is the substrate used to detect butyrate esterase activity?
Tributyrin
Which of the following is NOT a situation where Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) is recommended?
ALL OF ABOVE
What is the gold standard according to WHO for testing gonorrhea?
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Which antibiotic is recommended by CDC for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM single dose
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis?
Fastidious organism
Which of the following is a mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Sexual contact
What is the incubation period for gonorrhea?
2-7 days
Which of the following is a symptom of acute urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Dysuria
What is the most common complication of endocervicitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
What percentage of cases of endocervicitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic?
50%
What is the chief complaint in oropharyngeal gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Pharyngitis
Which of the following is a potential complication of gonorrhea in females?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
What is the mode of transmission for ophthalmia neonatorum, a newborn gonococcal eye infection?
Vaginal delivery
What is the mode of transmission for adult ocular gonorrhea?
Sexual contact
Approximately what percentage of women with genital gonorrhea have concurrent rectal infection?
30-60%
Which of the following bacteria is catalase positive and oxidase positive?
Neisseriae
Which bacteria is the causative agent of meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
Which bacteria is the causative agent of gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which bacteria is considered a normal part of the human oral biota?
Simonsiella
Which bacteria is known for its gliding motility?
Simonsiella
Which bacteria can express both pore A and B genes in its outer membrane proteins?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which bacteria can only express Pore B genes in its outer membrane proteins?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which bacteria possess AHU auxotype strain and can be asymptomatic carriers for increased disease transmission?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which bacteria can cause scarring and infertility due to damage to the ciliated cells of the fallopian tube?
Tracheal cytotoxin
Which bacteria's major virulence factors include pili and capsule?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which of the following is the most appropriate specimen collection technique for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea?
Urethral swab in men
Which of the following is the most suitable transport system for gonococci specimens?
Swabs in transport media
Which agar medium is the medium of choice for culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Chocolate agar
What is the color of colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on Chocolate agar after 48 hours?
Gray to Tan
What is the most suitable temperature for the incubation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
37°C
What is the major virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Pili
Which test is used to detect bacterial cytochrome oxidase in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Oxidase test
Which of the following is a potential complication of gonorrhea in females?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
What is the purpose of the oxidase test in the identification of Neisseria spp.?
To detect bacterial cytochrome oxidase
Which agar medium is used in the Carbohydrate Utilization Test for the identification of Neisseria spp.?
Cystine Trypticase Agar with glucose
What is the indicator used in the Carbohydrate Utilization Test?
Phenol red
Which enzyme is produced by N. gonorrhoeae in the Chromogenic Assay?
Proline-iminopeptidase (Pip)
Which bacteria is indicated by a blue color in the Carbohydrate Utilization Test?
N. lactamica
Which method uses monoclonal antibodies attached to killed S. aureus cells for the identification of N. gonorrhoeae?
Coagglutination Method (Phadebact Monoclonal GC Test)
Which method uses fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibodies for the confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae?
Fluorescent Antibody Testing (MicroTrak)
Which method uses antibodies adsorbed to metal sol particles for the identification of N. gonorrhoeae?
Colorimetric Assay (GonoGen II)
Which method is considered the gold standard according to WHO for testing gonorrhea?
NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TEST
Which antibiotic is recommended by CDC for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone
Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative for penicillin in patients who are allergic to it?
Tetracycline
Which of the following is a behavioral risk factor for Neisseria meningitidis?
Smoking
Which of the following is NOT a globally important serotype of Neisseria meningitidis?
D
Which region frequently experiences epidemics of Neisseria meningitidis during hot and dry seasons?
Africa
What is the incubation period for Neisseria meningitidis?
1 to 10 days
Which of the following is a symptom of meningococcemia?
Intense headache
Which specimen is commonly used for the laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria meningitidis?
CSF
Which staining method is used to visualize Neisseria meningitidis?
Gram stain
Which agar medium is commonly used for the culture of Neisseria meningitidis?
Chocolate agar
Which complication can occur in meningococcal meningitis?
Coma
Which of the following is a characteristic of Neisseria Meningitidis?
Gram-negative diplococci
What is the drug of choice for treating Neisseria meningitidis infections?
Penicillin G
Which serotypes are included in the quadrivalent vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis?
A, C, Y, and W-135
At what age is the first dose of the quadrivalent vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis recommended to be given?
11-12
How many doses of the serogroup B vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis are recommended?
Two to three
Which antigen is weakly antigenic and has a similar structure with human glycoprotein?
Capsular B antigen
Which test can be used to confirm the presence of Neisseria meningitidis?
Oxidase test
Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative for penicillin in patients allergic to it?
Chloramphenicol
Which vaccine is recommended for individuals at risk of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B infection?
Serogroup B vaccine
Which of the following is a characteristic of Moraxella catarrhalis?
It is a diplococci bacteria
Which of the following is a differentiation factor between Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria?
DNAse and Butyrate esterase activity
What is the purpose of the DNAse agar in the identification of Moraxella catarrhalis?
To differentiate Moraxella catarrhalis from Neisseria
Which of the following Neisseria species are saccharolytic and can grow on selective media?
N. lactamica and N. polysaccharea
Which of the following Neisseria species are asaccharolytic and unable to grow on selective media?
N. cinerea and N. mucosa
What is the indicator used in the Carbohydrate Utilization Test for Neisseria species?
Cystine Trypticase Agar
What is the expected result on the commensal neisseria for saccharolytic Neisseria species?
Positive result indicated by color change
What is the expected result on the commensal neisseria for asaccharolytic Neisseria species?
Negative result indicated by no color change
Study Notes
Gram-Negative Cocci
- Veillonella is not a gram-negative cocci.
Neisseria Species
- Neisseria species are NOT bipolar staining.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae primarily occurs in the mucous membranes of the human body.
- Pili and capsule are major virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, facilitating adherence and invasion.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is transmitted through sexual contact, vertically from mother to child, and occasionally through contact with contaminated feces.
- The definitive diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is made by culture on Thayer-Martin agar or Chocolate agar.
- Oxidase test is used to identify Neisseria spp.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is catalase positive and oxidase positive.
HACEK Group
- Eikenella corrodens is a member of the HACEK group.
Catalase Test
- A positive catalase test indicates the presence of the enzyme catalase.
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a virulence factor of itself.
- It primarily occurs in the mucous membranes of the human body.
- The mode of transmission is through sexual contact, vertically from mother to child, and occasionally through contact with contaminated feces.
- The definitive diagnosis is made by culture on Thayer-Martin agar or Chocolate agar.
- Nitrate reductase is a characteristic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Glucose is the carbohydrate that is expected to be positive in the carbohydrate utilization test.
Meningococcal Meningitis
- Meningococcal meningitis is a clinical symptom of Neisseria meningitidis.
- The definitive diagnosis is made by culture on Chocolate agar or Thayer-Martin agar.
- The gold standard for testing gonorrhea is Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) according to WHO.
- Ceftriaxone is the antibiotic recommended by CDC for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhea.
Moraxella Catarrhalis
- Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus.
- It is catalase positive and oxidase positive.
- The optimum growth temperature for Moraxella catarrhalis is 35-37°C.
- The DNAse agar is used to identify Moraxella catarrhalis.
- The purpose of the DNAse agar is to detect the production of DNAse.
Other Facts
- Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea.
- Moraxella catarrhalis is a part of the normal human oral biota.
- Moraxella catarrhalis is known for its gliding motility.
- Neisseria meningitidis can express both pore A and B genes in its outer membrane proteins.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause scarring and infertility due to damage to the ciliated cells of the fallopian tube.
- The quadrivalent vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 11-12 years old and includes serotypes A, C, W, and Y.
- The first dose of the quadrivalent vaccine is recommended to be given at 11-12 years old.
- Three doses of the serogroup B vaccine are recommended.
Test your knowledge about the virulence factors and growth characteristics of gonorrhea bacteria. This quiz covers topics such as blood agar plate growth, oxidase and catalase positivity, motility, and virulence factors such as capsule and lipooligosaccharide. Challenge yourself with this quiz to enhance your understanding of gonorrhea.
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