Golden Age of Greece: Politics, Military & Wars

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with the Aristotelian tragic hero?

Experiences a reversal of fortune from high to low.
Exhibits a specific tragic flaw that leads to their downfall.
Maintains unwavering moral purity throughout the tragedy. (correct)
Holds a position of high status or ability.

How does excessive pride (Hubris) contribute to Oedipus's downfall in Oedipus Rex?

It prevents him from seeking help from others when solving the Sphinx's riddle.
It leads him to trust the prophecies of the oracle without question.
It causes him to intentionally commit patricide and incest.
It motivates him to stubbornly evade his fate, inadvertently fulfilling it. (correct)

In the context of Aristotelian tragedy, what is the primary purpose of evoking pity and fear in the audience?

To provide a sense of moral superiority over the tragic hero.
To create a purely negative emotional experience for the audience.
To elicit a cathartic release of emotions and promote reflection. (correct)
To encourage the audience to emulate the tragic hero's actions.

How does Macbeth, from Shakespeare's Macbeth, exemplify the pattern of a tragic hero?

His ambition propels him to greatness but subsequently causes his downfall. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would best align with the structure of a Greek tragedy, as outlined by Aristotle?

A flawed but well-intentioned leader makes a critical error in judgment, leading to widespread suffering and their own ruin. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a key difference between Athenian and U.S. democracies, as outlined in the text?

Athenian democracy chose leaders through a lottery system, while the U.S. democracy uses voting. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of increasing the number of paid positions within the Athenian government?

It allowed even the poorest citizens to serve, leading to greater participation in Athenian democracy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Pericles' Funeral Oration, as mentioned in the text?

It was a eulogy given by Pericles for Greek soldiers who died fighting the Persians, recorded by Thucydides. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What limitation to Athenian democracy is highlighted by the statement that "citizens are a minority"?

The definition of 'citizen' excluded women, children, and slaves from participating in the democratic process. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, what can be inferred about women's influence in Athenian society despite their lack of voting rights?

Women could indirectly influence political decisions through their husbands. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did Pericles aim to surpass other Greek states in citizen participation within their respective governments?

By making Athenian democracy so inclusive that he would beat any other Greek state in participation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the analogy provided, how should one understand the relationship between Athenian and U.S. democracies?

They share similar core functions, even if their specific structures and appearances differ. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What lesson does the text suggest regarding politicians' statements?

Politicians' statements should be critically evaluated, as they may be influenced by their desire to be elected. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why did Plato advocate for banning heroic tales for children, such as Homer's Odyssey?

He was concerned about the negative portrayals of gods influencing children's moral development. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the translation of philosophical texts into Arabic and other languages contribute to their preservation?

It protected the texts from being lost or destroyed during the Roman Empire's collapse. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Socrates being referred to as 'The Gadfly'?

It emphasizes his persistent and irritating questioning of Athenian citizens. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is most of what we know about Socrates derived from Plato's writings?

Socrates primarily taught through dialogue and did not write down his philosophies. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the conversation between Socrates and Euthyphro, what fundamental issue does Socrates raise about defining holiness as 'whatever is pleasing to the gods'?

The definition implies that gods may disagree among themselves, leading to conflicting views of what is holy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why did Socrates's statement during his trial—'Do not kill me, you will never find another like me'—likely contribute to his condemnation?

It was perceived as arrogant and lacking humility, further angering the jurors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Socrates willingly accepting the hemlock, the traditional Athenian method of execution?

It underscores his commitment to his philosophical principles, even in the face of death. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the depicted scene of Socrates's death, which detail best represents the emotional impact of his execution on his followers?

The distraught disciples (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to utilitarianism, which action is considered morally correct?

Selecting the action that maximizes well-being for the greatest number of people, even if it harms a minority. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the trolley dilemma variations, why do people react differently to the scenario where they have to push a man off a bridge compared to flipping a switch?

The act of physically pushing someone to their death elicits stronger emotional responses than indirectly causing harm via a switch. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the trolley dilemma and its variations suggest about ethical decision-making?

Our sense of right and wrong is influenced by factors beyond simply weighing the benefits and drawbacks of a situation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle's concept of the Golden Mean, which of the following represents the balanced virtue between 'diffidence' and 'arrogance'?

Confidence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relevance of the trolley problem to modern technology, such as driverless cars?

The trolley problem raises important questions about how to program autonomous systems to make ethical decisions in unavoidable harm situations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle's Golden Mean suggests that virtues are:

A balance between excess and deficiency, unique to each individual. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If someone consistently undereats to an unhealthy degree, according to the Golden Mean, what should they strive for?

Practice moderation in their eating habits. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of Utilitarianism?

Promoting actions that maximize happiness and minimize suffering for the greatest number of people. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the trolley dilemma, what is the key difference between the switch variation and the bridge variation that affects people's moral intuitions?

The bridge variation, pushing someone, is seen as a more direct and personal action that people find harder to accept, despite the identical outcome in terms of lives saved. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How might the principle of the Golden Mean apply to balancing work and family life?

Strive for a balance that allows adequate attention to both, avoiding over-devotion to either. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Aristotle's assertion: 'We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit'?

True excellence comes from ingrained habits, not isolated actions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, why do some argue that the trolley examples are becoming increasingly relevant?

Because new technologies, such as driverless cars, may require similar ethical calculations in certain situations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What specific consideration must be addressed to ensure ethical behavior in driverless cars?

Programming driverless cars to always choose the outcome with the least amount of harm, considering the value of human life. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the bank robbery dilemma, which course of action aligns MOST closely with the Golden Mean, assuming all options have potential negative consequences?

Seeking a solution that balances justice with the children's welfare, such as finding alternative funding for the orphanage before reporting the crime. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did Aristotle play in the life of Alexander the Great?

Private tutor (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Lyceum, founded by Aristotle, relate to Plato's Academy?

Founded after the Academy, it shared similar traits and may have been modeled after it. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the trolley problem, flipping the switch to divert the trolley presents a moral dilemma. Which philosophical concept is MOST closely related to the decision of whether to flip the switch, knowing it will harm one person to save others?

Utilitarianism, aiming to maximize overall happiness and minimize harm. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How would someone still 'chained in a cave' respond to seeing the outside world for the first time, according to Plato's allegory?

They would likely be frightened and prefer the familiar darkness of the cave. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY goal of Socrates' method of questioning?

To help students logically examine ideas and determine their validity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why did Socrates's efforts to share the 'truth' ultimately lead to his death sentence, according to the provided text?

Language alone is insufficient to impart genuine belief; experience is crucial. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A teacher using the Socratic Questioning method takes on the role of someone 'acting dumb.' Which statement BEST describes the reason for this approach?

To encourage students to develop their own understanding and knowledge through dialogue. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Socratic Questioning PRIMARILY foster higher-level thinking skills in students?

By encouraging them to think, discuss, debate, evaluate, and analyze content. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what situations is Socratic questioning MOST helpful?

When aiming to explore ideas in depth at all levels of learning. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How might the trolley problem relate to the concept of being 'unchained' from Plato's cave?

Both dilemmas require individuals to make difficult choices with incomplete information, challenging their understanding of 'good' and 'bad'. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tragic Hero

An elevated individual relatable to the audience, possessing a tragic flaw.

Hamartia

The tragic flaw in a hero that leads to their downfall.