Ch.15-19 Test 1 (America's Story 3)

The Golden Age of America: Chapter 15

• Following World War II, Americans were eager to move forward and transition to peacetime activities.
• Men returned to factory work, leading women to return home as factories resumed producing consumer goods like cars and playground equipment.
• The end of the war marked the end of the Great Depression, leading to renewed consumer spending.
• The 1950s were a period of prosperity and new beginnings.
• Soldiers returning from war marrying and starting families caused a "baby boom."
• The increasing population led to rapid construction of new housing, resulting in the growth of suburbs.

Automotive Culture

• The car industry rebounded after wartime slowdowns.
• Owning a modern car became a status symbol.
• American culture became increasingly centered around cars, with drive-in movies and drive-thru diners emerging.
• Road trips became popular, leading to road system improvements for motorists.
• US Route 66, opened in 1926, spanned 2,448 miles from Chicago, Illinois, to Los Angeles, California,.
• Route 66 served as a prominent path for migrants fleeing the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.

Cultural Shifts

• "Rock and roll" music replaced big band music.
• Elvis Presley rose to stardom.
• Songs like "Hound Dog" and "All Shook Up" gained popularity among young audiences.
• Television became popular in the 1950s after its debut in the late 1940s.
• Radio was surpassed by television as the primary form of entertainment.
• Families gathered to watch shows like "Leave it to Beaver," "Davy Crockett," "I Love Lucy," and westerns like "Gunsmoke" and "The Lone Ranger.”
• American cowboy actor Roy Rogers, alongside his wife Dale Evans, starred in over 100 movies marked this golden age of tv and cinema.
• Cinematic movies like "Ben-Hur" and "The Ten Commandments," starring Charlton Heston, attracted large audiences.
• Musicals such as "Singing in the Rain" and "Oklahoma" gained widespread popularity.

1950's Fashion

• Clothing styles in the 1950s reflected a modest culture.
• Teenage girls wore rolled-up blue jeans with white "bobby socks" and black and white saddle shoes.
• "Poodle" skirts, full skirts with a poodle appliqué, paired with crinoline slips, fitted tops, curled ponytails, bobby socks, and saddle shoes.

Recreation

• Children played stickball and spent summers playing with toy guns and Radio Flyer wagons.
• Boys wore coonskin hats, imitating Davy Crockett.
• Girls played with hula hoops and Barbie dolls.
• Lack of video games or recorded movies led to more outdoor play on summer breaks.

Cold war and Concerns About Communism

• Despite the prosperity of the 1950s, the Cold War caused anxieties.
• Fear of communist influence grew due to conflicts with the Soviet Union, and communism's spread.
• The Soviet Union's acquisition of an atomic bomb increased fears of communist spies within the U.S..
• The fears spurred the second Red Scare, although most people previously associated with communism in the 1930s had lost interest or opposition by the end of the war and depression.
• Senator Joseph McCarthy used the Red Scare to target entertainment professionals, leading to "blacklisting."
• Investigations into those accused of being communists.
• Accused the military of being full of Communists, and that marked the end of the Red Scare.
• McCarthy's attacks on decorated war heroes and obvious false accusations discredited him.
• While concern about communist plots persisted, the obsession with finding communists decreased.
• There were other issues to be addressed about civil rights in the US.
• Black Americans still faced lack of the same freedoms as white Americans.
• Segregation affected everything from schools to water fountains.
• The 1950s brought prosperity and happiness but other difficult problems were Cold War and segregation

Tumultuous Times: Chapter 16

• Although the 1950s were prosperous and peaceful, problems emerged that would have to be addressed.
• Despite unrest among some Americans, life in the US was quiet.
• The civil rights of Black Americans and segregation also needed to be focused on.
• The 1960s are to be a tumultuous time in American history.
• The 1960s are an eruption of the traditional values of family and morality established in the 1950s.
• The economy was booming at the start of the 1960s causing standard of living to be higher.

The Kennedy Administration

• The 35th president, John F. Kennedy, took office January 1961.
• Kennedy brought youthfulness to the White House.
• Kennedy was a sailor in WWII and was elected to the House and then the senate.
• Kennedy brought changes to government.
• Kennedy's famous quote, "Ask what you can do for your country."
• Kennedy wanted everyone to fight against tyranny, poverty, disease, and war; and that these would be struggles for a long time.
• Kennedy created Peace Corps in 1961 to combat issues.

Peace Core and Cuba.

• Peace Corps was an attempt to work towards progress and peace in developing countries.
• Volunteers are sent worldwide to help in agriculture, healthcare, education, and community organizations.
• Peace Corps is a way of combating "common enemies of man" and combat the Soviet Union from gaining a foothold in the poor countries.
• Kennedy also had to deal with Cuba.
• In 1898 in the Spanish-American war, America let Cuba gain independence from Spain.
• Fidel Castro took control 1959 spreading communism.
• Communism had previously spread in Europe and Asia not as close to America as Cuba which worried Americans.

Bay of Pigs and The Cuban Missile Crises

• The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) secretly backed an attempt to overthrow Castro, starting in April 1961.
• The planning of the secret invasion was since Eisenhower was president, however Kennedy continued once he became president as long as American involvement remained a secret.
• 1,400 Cubans were trained and equipped to take the country back from Castro.
• They landed at the "Bay of Pigs."
• The planned invasion was a disaster with almost all people trained and equipped being captured and killed.
• Rather than overthrowing Castro and ending communism this ended up straining Cuban-American relations and made Cuba becoming an ally of the Soviet Union.
• Cuba went on to import nuclear missiles from the Soviet Union causing alarm because the missiles had potential to hit mainland US.
• The US demanded that Cuba remove the missiles, and the Soviets finally agreed thirteen days later.

John. F. Kennedy Assassination.

• On November 22, 1963 JFK was assasinated on Dallas, Texas.
• JFK had been President for two years, 10 months and 2 days.
• JFK and Jaqueline drove through Dallas on presidential procession when a shot rang out.
• The president slumped forward and was fatally wounded.
• Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, being a communist living in Soviet Union for 2 years; another man would kill Oswald 2 days later.
• The killing was controversial, the death shaken America.
• President Kennedy was believed to bring great change in the US.
• Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office.

Vietnam

• Involvement in peacekeeping attempts led to increased unrest at home such as Vietnam.
• Vietnam is a country in southeast Asia.
• France controlled Vietnam as French Indochina for many years, being occupied by the Japanese during WWII.
• In 1954 Vietnam had its independence but was separated between the communist north side and a non-communist south side.
• French Indochina: a French colonial holding in southeast Asia in modern-day Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
• The communist and anti-communist forces battled control of Vietnam.
• A small force of military advisers was allowed in 1955, under Eisenhower to work in Vietnam.
• Kennedy increased these numbers during his time in office.
• 15,000 American soldiers were there in 1963.
• The US mission in Vietnam was the same as it had been in Korea, to stop the spread of communism.
• Communism claims it eliminates social classes however this was untrue.
• Many Americans hated communism, in that Vietnam was divided into 2 parts one communist and one non-communist, therefore, the US did not want Vietnam to become communist.

Changing Times: Chapter 17

• This time was thought to have been as times of progress and protest
• There was much progress made in medicine and science
• Organ transplants became possible as doctors realized a way to replace kidneys/hearts with the sick with healthy donors.
• Space competition with america annd soviests where they both wanted to win putting human on the moon

Kennedy's Vision

• President JFK was assassinated, the following presidents, President Lyndon Johnson and President Richard Nixon, continued to support Kennedy's goal of putting an American on the moon by end of the 1960s
• thanks to live satellite tv millions watched as it happened there the apollo 11 crew. Members were neil Armstrong, buzz aldrin, and michael collins

Neil Armstrong

• Neil Armstrong stepped out of the Eagle and into history, as the first man to step on the moon
• Neil Armstrong's left foot left its famous footprint in the moon's dust, he said these famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"
• Millions of Americans cheered as an American flag was erected on the surface of the moon

Culture Shift

• Many other types of progress became not positive
• culture of our country had been formed by traditional and biblical values
• In 1950s, most families had consisted of A father, mother, and children - but in the 1960s, these traditions began to be openly questioned
• In the 1800s and early 1900s, the women's rights movement was started
• In the 1960s, women protested against traditional moral values, a lot of the people protesting were against restricting traditions
• A good example was was banning school-sponsored prayer

Protests

• The war in Vietnam also became a point of much contention, and anti-war protest became common across America
• To defy the authority, there was much protest
• Many wanted world peace
• There had been ww2 and cold war started, then Korean war, and then vietnam war was raging
• Many were tired of the seemingly never ending fighting
• the military to fight
• Many found ways around the draft by pretending to be sick or by finding work in occupations that were exempt
• "Peace and Love" became one of the most famous mottos in 1960s and showed in the music

The Civil Rights Movement: Chapter 18

• The Civil Rights movement is to gain freedom and equality for African Americans.
• Segregation was the most horrible time that discriminated. Rosa Parks
• Rosa Parks is known for not sitting in the back of a bus that led to a massive outbreak of black people not going on public buses to not support the segregation.
• Montgomery Bus Boycott Was a massive protest for civil rights and it was not the last of black people standing together to fight for what should happen.
• After 381 days, public buses were finally desegregated.
• Segregation definition: the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart..

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.:

• Martin Luther king jr came to the forefront as a civil rights leader after the Montgomery bus breakout.
• The well-spoken and gentle, a brilliant leader.
• “I have a dream” was a speech that he spoke that is one of the most famous written pieces.
• 25,000 people had marched from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital during a meeting.
• The national guard was sent to protect black folks.
• The movement is dangerous

Black Power

• New leaders come forward so the blacks went to the civil rights with non violence means.
• Malcom X.
• Malcom X preached that backs should rise up and fight for their rights.
• In the 1920s a family was harassed.
• At peaceful protest, the black people should be violent when getting attacked during a peaceful protest.
• Malcolm X had radical views but he was the most popular of the crowd. He was assassinated feb, 1965.
• Many people wanted integration between the 2. Integration defenition: blacks and whites interacting together into the same neighborhoods, schools, and businesses.
• The mid to late 1960s where it was like they have had enough of being treated horribly for the color of the skin.
• The Martin Luther kin jr was then murdered in 1968.

Politics and Fashion: Chapter 19

• The 1970s were different.
• The unrest of 1960's began with the decade.
• There was marches all over protesting the war.
• Young Americans, college aged men and women, did not believe troops needed to be in Vietnam.
• Draft was started which means when not enough volunteers the government says you are going to war.
• Most protest and do not show support to the US.

Vietnam & Fades

• Vietnam -58k soldiers died + 1 million Vietnamese died for war. -Television war, showing live war.
• The fades that happens fitness and health.
• There was a growing interest in eating healthy foods
• Some of the fashion of the seventies reflected the popular music of the time or bell bottoms
• Changes with social equal rights with the civil rights opening the new door for political views.
• There was no help for women's support to the war.

More on Equality-Civil Rights

• There needs help with the education in what women did.
• They was not treated equally at all.
• The right to the careers what they have done.

Indian

• The people in the reservations did not has great equal rights for the reservations
• The American Indian Movement(AIM) founded in 1968, fought for equal rights.
• There is still racism
• To better have US government to have the treats they had
• Was the protest rioters that were the riots going on of them is black lives Matter still going on to this day

Religious changes

• Religious change in 1970s.
• There was spirital things going on like the US .
• The South Baptist preacher , Billy Graham went around preachin .
• In the late 1940s it was just beginning
• He simply was telling his words to people and how they should be.
• Evangelical christians believed the mission to spread Christianity that Christians should affect the culture around them..
• That the americal evangical were a political force typically support republicans. Despite God, was in work through the decade on helping others.