GNU Fortran Compiler Options Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the -Wintrinsic-shadow option do?

  • Warns if a procedure has the same name as an intrinsic. (correct)
  • Provides hints for optimizing intrinsic procedures.
  • Automatically renames user-defined procedures.
  • Suppresses warnings about intrinsic procedures.

    • What are the implications of using the -Wunused-parameter option in gfortran?

  • It is included in the -Wall option.
  • It ignores all parameter warnings.
  • It warns about unused PARAMETER values. (correct)
  • It warns about unused dummy arguments.

    • What does the -Werror option accomplish?

  • It turns all warnings into errors. (correct)
  • It suppresses all warnings during compilation.
  • It converts errors into warnings.
  • It treats all warnings as non-critical.

    • What is the primary use of the -fdump-parse-tree option?

    <p>To debug the internal working of the gfortran compiler. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IEEE exceptions can be specified with the -ffpe-trap option?

    <p>Invalid, zero, overflow, underflow, precision, and denormal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the -Walign-commons option is activated?

    <p>It warns about variable padding for alignment in COMMON blocks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is used to suppress the warnings generated by -Walign-commons?

    <p>-Wno-align-commons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parameter 'list' in the -ffpe-trap option represent?

    <p>A list of specific IEEE exceptions to raise for FPE. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of the Fortran standard is NOT fully supported by the GNU Fortran compiler?

    <p>Fortran 2008 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the gfortran command?

    <p>To invoke the GNU Fortran compiler (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the compilation of a Fortran program using gfortran?

    <p>The source code is translated into machine code (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the errors the Fortran 90 standard requires the compiler to report?

    <p>Flaws in source code that prevent binary creation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using high-level programming languages like Fortran over machine code?

    <p>They are faster to write (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the GNU Fortran compiler's support for language standards?

    <p>It completely supports Fortran 77, 90, and 95 standards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what case will the GNU Fortran compiler provide error messages to users?

    <p>When the source code is flawed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of the GNU Fortran compiler?

    <p>Providing a debugging environment for users (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the option '-fopenmp' enable in a Fortran program?

    <p>OpenMP directives and runtime library linking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using '-fno-range-check' in a Fortran compilation?

    <p>Expressions outside the range will be assigned +Inf or -Inf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following standards does the option '-std=legacy' refer to?

    <p>Old non-standard programs without warnings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option specifies that preprocessing should be enabled in Fortran?

    <p>-cpp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default standard value for Fortran when no standard is specified?

    <p>gnu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the option '-std=f2003' enforce during compilation?

    <p>Strict conformance to Fortran 2003 standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will occur if an integer overflow is detected with '-fno-range-check' option?

    <p>The value will wrap around to -1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When enabling OpenMP with '-fopenmp', which feature is also implicitly enabled?

    <p>Recursive function support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of using the option '-fmax-stack-var-size=n'?

    <p>It affects the size of the largest array placed on the stack. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option should be used to allow recursive procedures without the RECURSIVE attribute?

    <p>-frecursive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the '-fpack-derived' option do?

    <p>It packs derived type members closely together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the '-frepack-arrays' option affect array handling?

    <p>It ensures data is passed contiguously for better performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using the '-fshort-enums' option?

    <p>It allows all enumerators to fit into the smallest INTEGER kind. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of using the '-fpack-derived' option?

    <p>It could lead to incompatibilities with other compiled code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default value for the '-fmax-stack-var-size' option?

    <p>32768 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the size of an array exceeds the limit set by '-fmax-stack-var-size'?

    <p>Static memory will be used instead of stack memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of function is BESSEL_J1?

    <p>Bessel function of the first kind of order 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is used to test for NaN (Not a Number) values?

    <p>ISNAN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CEILING function is used to:

    <p>Round up to the nearest integer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic function would you use to get the current time as a string?

    <p>CTIME (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function provides the bit size inquiry for a variable?

    <p>BIT_SIZE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the MOD function do?

    <p>Returns the remainder of a division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To convert a double precision real number to a default real number, which function would you use?

    <p>SNGL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function would you use to remove trailing blank characters from a string?

    <p>TRIM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EXIT function?

    <p>To terminate a program or process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function calculates the Euclidean distance between two points?

    <p>HYPOT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function can be used to initialize a pseudo-random number sequence?

    <p>RANDOM_SEED (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the LEN_TRIM function return?

    <p>The length excluding trailing blanks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions converts an integer to a default real type?

    <p>FLOAT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file extensions will GNU Fortran recognize for compiling Fortran source code?

    <p>.f90 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the GCC middle end in the compilation process?

    <p>Optimizes code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'gfortran' driver program within the GCC?

    <p>It automatically links Fortran runtime libraries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about preprocessing and conditional compilation in GNU Fortran is correct?

    <p>The GNU C Preprocessor is commonly used for preprocessing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GCC determine whether to treat a source file as fixed form or free form?

    <p>By the file extension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary document that provides a complete reference for the GNU Fortran compiler?

    <p>GNU Fortran and GCC Manual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command does the gcc driver program primarily use to compile Fortran source files?

    <p>f951 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do the capitalized file extensions have when processed by the GNU Fortran compiler?

    <p>They undergo preprocessing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    '-fopenmp' option

    Enables OpenMP extensions, allowing for parallel processing using !$omp directives. It also links the OpenMP runtime library for execution.

    '-fno-range-check' option

    Disables range checking for simplified constant expressions during compilation. For example, it allows division by zero without raising an error.

    '-std=std' option

    Specifies the Fortran standard for the program. Options include 'f95', 'f2003', 'f2008', 'gnu', and 'legacy'.

    '-cpp' option

    Enables the preprocessor, a tool that transforms source code before compilation. Automatically invoked for files with extensions like '.fpp', '.FPP', '.F', '.FOR', etc.

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    '-nocpp' option

    Disables preprocessing, preventing the preprocessor from modifying the source code before compilation.

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    gfortran

    A free replacement for the unix f95 command.

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    GNU Fortran compiler features

    The GNU Fortran compiler supports the Fortran 77, 90 and 95 standards completely, parts of the Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards, and several vendor extensions.

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    Compilation

    The process of translating the user's program into instructions a computer can carry out more quickly.

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    Machine code

    The result after compiling a program, code designed to be efficiently translated and processed by a machine.

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    Errors in source code

    Mistakes made in the source code that prevent compilation.

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    Error messages

    Messages provided by the compiler that point out mistakes in the source code.

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    Compiler diagnostics

    The compiler's ability to generate information about why it's unable to compile the source code.

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    Translation of source code to machine code

    The process of converting source code, which is written in a human-readable language, into machine code, which is understood by a computer.

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    '-fdump-parse-tree'

    A debugging option for GNU Fortran that outputs the program's syntax tree before generating code. It's primarily useful for debugging the compiler itself.

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    '-ffpe-trap=list'

    A GNU Fortran option used to trigger specific floating-point exceptions during program execution, causing a signal that interrupts the program and generates a debugging file.

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'invalid')

    A special type of exception that occurs when a floating-point operation yields a value that is invalid, like the square root of a negative number.

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'overflow')

    A floating-point exception that arises when the result of a calculation is too large to be represented in the allocated memory for the given data type.

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'underflow')

    A floating-point exception that occurs if the result of a calculation is very close to zero, but not exactly zero, causing a loss of precision.

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    What is GNU Fortran?

    GNU Fortran is a compiler for the Fortran programming language that is part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'precision')

    A floating-point exception that occurs if a floating-point operation loses precision, like when the result of a calculation cannot be accurately represented in the allocated memory.

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'denormal')

    A floating-point exception that occurs if a floating-point operation generates a 'denormal' value.

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    How is GCC structured?

    GCC is composed of front ends for different languages, a middle end for optimization, and back ends for different systems.

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    What is GENERIC?

    GENERIC is a language-independent code format that results from the front end's translation of source code.

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    Floating Point Exception (FPE 'zero')

    A floating-point exception that occurs if a floating-point operation produces a value that is deemed 'zero'.

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    What is the role of the driver program in GCC?

    The driver program (gcc) manages the compilation process, calling the appropriate front end, assembler, and linker.

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    What file extensions are recognized by GNU Fortran?

    GNU Fortran compiles source code with the '.f', '.for', '.ftn', '.f90', '.f95', '.f03', and '.f08' extensions.

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    What's the difference between fixed form and free form Fortran?

    Fixed form Fortran uses a specific format for source code, while free form uses a more flexible and modern layout.

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    What does the C preprocessor do in the context of Fortran?

    The C preprocessor (CPP) helps with conditional compilation, allowing code sections to be included or excluded based on certain conditions.

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    What preprocessor is used with GNU Fortran?

    The GNU C Preprocessor (in traditional mode) is used for conditional compilation in GNU Fortran.

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    What is the purpose of the '-fmax-stack-var-size' compiler option?

    Specifies the maximum size in bytes for an array allocated on the stack. Exceeding this limit might force the array to be placed in static memory instead.

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    What does the '-fpack-derived' compiler option do?

    Tells the compiler to pack the members of a derived type as tightly as possible in memory, potentially saving space.

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    What is the purpose of the '-frepack-arrays' compiler option?

    Instructs the compiler to copy non-contiguous array sections into a contiguous block of memory at runtime, potentially improving access speed.

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    What is the purpose of the '-fshort-enums' compiler option?

    Makes the compiler choose the smallest integer type that can fit the values in an enumeration set.

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    What is the purpose of the '-fexternal-blas' compiler option?

    Enables the use of BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) functions for matrix operations like MATMUL if the matrix size exceeds a certain threshold.

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    What does the '-frecursive' compiler option do?

    Tells the compiler to optimize procedures without the RECURSIVE attribute, as well as parallel programs, for stack usage.

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    What is the effect of the '-fno-automatic' compiler option?

    Forces the compiler to never allocate local arrays on the stack, instead using static memory.

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    Describe the '-fblas-matmul-limit' compiler option and how it works with '-fexternal-blas'.

    Enables the use of BLAS functions for matrix operations like MATMUL, if the matrix size is larger than a given limit. The limit is set using the '-fblas-matmul-limit' option.

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    LOC

    Returns the address of a variable.

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    C_FUNLOC

    Returns the address of the procedure in C.

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    C_F_PROCPOINTER

    Converts C procedure pointer to Fortran procedure pointer.

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    C_F_POINTER

    Converts C pointer to Fortran pointer.

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    C_LOC

    Returns the C address of an object.

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    C_SIZEOF

    Returns the size in bytes of an expression.

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    BIT_SIZE

    Returns the size in bits of an entity (integer, real, etc.).

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    BTEST

    Returns the value of the bit at a given position in an integer.

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    GETCWD

    Returns the current working directory.

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    GETENV

    Returns the value of an environment variable.

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    GETPID

    Returns the process ID of the currently executing program.

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    GETUID

    Returns the user ID of the currently executing program.

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    PRESENT

    Determines if a given optional dummy argument was specified.

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    SHAPE

    Determines the shape of an array.

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    TINY

    Returns the smallest representable number of a given type.

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    Study Notes

    GNU Fortran Compiler

    • GNU Fortran is a Fortran compiler, part of the GCC compiler suite.
    • It supports Fortran 77, 90, 95, parts of 2003 and 2008 standards.
    • It also supports some vendor extensions.

    GNU Fortran Documentation

    • Published by the Free Software Foundation
    • Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
    • The manual covers invoking GNU Fortran, its command options, runtime, language reference, extensions, mixed-language programming, intrinsic procedures, modules, and contributing sections.

    Table of Contents

    • The table of contents details sections within the manual, including specific topics like introduction, command options, runtime, language reference, extensions, etc.
    • The table is organized by Parts and sections.

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    Test your knowledge about various options available in the GNU Fortran compiler. This quiz covers options like -Wintrinsic-shadow, -Wunused-parameter, and more, helping you understand their implications and uses. Perfect for students and developers looking to deepen their understanding of Fortran compiler behavior.

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