GNSS Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What are the three major components of the GNSS system?

  • Satellites, Radar Systems, Control Units
  • Satellites, Ground Control Stations, GNSS Receivers (correct)
  • Satellites, GPS Modules, User Terminals
  • Ground Stations, Global Communicators, GNSS Receivers

Which of the following statements about GPS is most accurate?

  • GPS was developed and funded by various nations.
  • GPS is only accessible to military personnel.
  • GPS was developed by the Department of Defense at a cost exceeding $12 billion. (correct)
  • GPS is a single unit that operates independently.

How do historical navigational tools like the sextant fail in certain conditions?

  • They are ineffective in urban environments.
  • They can only be used during daylight.
  • They require satellite signals to operate.
  • They fail to work on cloudy days. (correct)

What is the primary purpose of having accurate clocks on GNSS satellites?

<p>To ensure precise location tracking on Earth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation is associated with radionavigation systems like Lowrance?

<p>Limited functionality only near land. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the military applications of GNSS technology?

<p>Determining friendly fire issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operational altitude do GNSS satellites maintain?

<p>Approximately 11,000 nautical miles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might GNSS be preferred over traditional navigation methods?

<p>It provides location accuracy that historical tools cannot achieve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a GPS receiver obtains signals from just one satellite?

<p>It knows it is located somewhere on a sphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GNSS stand for?

<p>Global Navigation Satellite System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does obtaining signals from two satellites enhance the GPS accuracy?

<p>It narrows the location to an intersection of two spheres. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of satellites required for a GPS receiver to determine a precise location and elevation?

<p>Four (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of GNSS?

<p>LORAN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a GPS receiver need a third satellite signal?

<p>To provide two possible points of intersection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding GPS?

<p>It has been operational since 1994. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how GPS determines location?

<p>By analyzing time delays of satellite signals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary limitation of GNSS mentioned?

<p>Lack of address data for navigation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technical advantage do multiple satellite signals provide for GPS receivers?

<p>Increased precision in 3D positioning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system was operational in the Asia/Pacific region since 2012?

<p>Compass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does GPS differ from other navigation systems?

<p>It uses a network of satellites for global coverage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does GNSS function to provide positioning?

<p>Utilizing satellite signals and timing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical navigation tool does GPS primarily improve upon?

<p>Sextant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which navigation system was operational since 2010?

<p>GLONASS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one real-world use of GNSS?

<p>Navigation and mapping. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

1 satellite

GPS receiver location is on a sphere defined by the satellite's signal

2 satellites

GPS receiver location is on the intersection of two spheres, reducing possible positions.

3 satellites

Location of GPS receiver is at the intersection of three spheres, resulting in a maximum of two locations

4 satellites

GPS receiver location, and elevation, is accurately determined by intersecting four sphere signals

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GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System, a system of satellites that provide location information.

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GPS

Global Positioning System, a GNSS system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense.

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Satellite

Part of a GNSS system that sends radio signals for location calculation.

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Ground Control Stations

Part of a GNSS system that tracks and monitors satellite positions.

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GNSS Receiver

Device that receives signals from satellites to determine location.

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Satellite Locations

Precise locations of satellites in orbit, known by the control system.

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Satellite Clocks

Extremely accurate clocks on satellites for timing signal transmissions.

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Radio Signals

Signals used by satellites to transmit location data to receivers.

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GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System; an umbrella term for any satellite navigation system, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Compass.

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GPS

Global Positioning System; a specific satellite navigation system, which was previously often used to refer to all satellite navigation systems.

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GLONASS

Satellite navigation system developed by Russia.

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Galileo

Satellite navigation system developed by the European Union.

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Compass

A satellite navigation system, developed by China.

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Why use GNSS?

GNSS provides location information for places lacking formal addresses or street names. It helps to identify locations without precise addresses.

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Study Notes

GNSS Fundamentals

  • GNSS is an umbrella term encompassing all satellite navigation systems
  • GPS (Global Positioning System) is a specific GNSS system, developed by the US
  • GPS refers to the constellation of satellites; everything related to it (satellites, receivers, etc.) is also referred to as 'GPS'
  • Other options besides GPS are developing, like GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (European Union), and Compass (China)
  • GNSS systems are crucial for determining locations, especially where traditional methods like addresses/landmarks are unavailable, for example, remote areas, oceans, etc.
  • Pre-GPS navigation tools, like Sextant and Lowrance, had limitations (e.g., cloudy weather)
  • The military had different location-determining needs (e.g., targeting, avoiding friendly fire, using 'smart bombs')
  • GNSS comprises satellites, ground control stations, and GNSS receivers/units.
  • There are 24-32 satellites orbiting Earth at ~11,000 nautical miles, with precise location data maintained by the DOD
  • Satellite clocks are highly accurate
  • Satellites continually broadcast radio signals to Earth, which are picked up by receivers
  • The GPS receiver measures the signal travel time to determine the distance from multiple satellites.
  • GPS receivers require signals from at least 3 or 4 satellites to calculate accurate location data.
  • The distance from a satellite is calculated by multiplying the travel time of signal by its velocity (roughly 186,355 miles/second).
  • Five control stations on Earth monitor the satellites and send updates for fine-tuning and positioning accuracy.
  • Without control stations, the system's accuracy would rapidly degrade.
  • GPS (and GNSS) systems aren't just one device; they consist of many components working together for positioning.
  • GPS development cost the US Department of Defense over $12 billion
  • Funding for the public use of GPS depended on making it accessible.

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Related Documents

SN207 GNSS Fundamentals Lecture PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), including GPS and its various alternatives like GLONASS and Galileo. This quiz covers the importance of satellite navigation and its applications in various fields, especially in remote areas. Explore the differences between GNSS and traditional navigation methods.

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