30 Questions
Which regulatory enzyme is inhibited by succinyl-CoA via feedback inhibition?
Citrate synthase
What effect does high levels of ATP have on the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex?
It phosphorylates E1 and inactivates the enzyme complex
Which molecule activates most of the regulated enzymes in the Citric Acid Cycle?
ADP
What is the purpose of the Glyoxylate Cycle in plants and microorganisms?
To replenish citric acid cycle intermediates
In fatty acid catabolism, what happens when H+ is added to the carbanion intermediate formed by treating fumarate with OH-?
Formation of L-malate
Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate?
Malate dehydrogenase
How is the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex regulated when ATP levels are low?
[ADP] increases and activates PDH phosphorylase to reactivate the complex
What is the key product generated when L-malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate?
NADH
Which molecule carries CO2 between enzyme active sites in the citric acid cycle?
[Biotin]
How do activated bicarbonate and biotin interact during the citric acid cycle?
Activated bicarbonate reacts with [Biotin]
What is the primary purpose of the Glyoxylate Cycle in terms of energy production?
To convert acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate for glucose production
Which enzyme bypasses decarboxylation reactions in the citric acid cycle during the Glyoxylate Cycle?
Isocitrate lyase
What is the fate of acetyl-CoA in animals, according to the text?
Converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is NOT a function of fatty acids in energy storage, as mentioned in the text?
High solubility in blood for easy transport
What triggers the mobilization of stored triacylglycerols from adipocytes?
Binding of glucagon or epinephrine to their cellular receptor(s)
Which molecule is used as a molecular carrier of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix?
Carnitine
What is the role of thiolase in fatty acid oxidation?
Transfer of the fatty acid chain by catalyzing thiolysis reactions
In fatty acid oxidation, what is the function of enoyl-CoA hydratase?
Hydration of an alkene to form an alcohol product
What is the primary role of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in fatty acid catabolism?
Dehydrogenation of an alkane to an alkene
What is the stereospecificity observed during hydration in the fatty acid catabolic pathway?
Formation of only L-isomers
What is the primary role of Coenzyme A-SH (CoA-SH) in fatty acid catabolism?
Transfer of acetyl groups for further oxidation
Which intermediate is formed from odd-numbered fatty acids during β-oxidation?
Propionyl-CoA
What is the fate of acetyl-CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation?
Enters the citric acid cycle for further oxidation
Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA?
Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase
What additional steps are required for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?
Isomerization and reduction of double bonds
Which process occurs when oxaloacetate is depleted during prolonged fasting or diabetes?
Ketone body formation from acetyl-CoA
In the electron transport chain, which molecule transports electrons from Complexes I and II to Complex III?
Coenzyme Q (CoQ/CoQH2)
What is the function of Cytochromes in the electron transport chain?
To carry electrons and exist in Fe3+ or Fe2+ forms
Which amino acid catabolism product can be converted into glucose or glycogen?
Pyruvate
What is the role of Iron-sulfur clusters in the electron transport chain?
To carry electrons through protein complexes in various arrangements
Test your knowledge on the Glyoxylate Cycle which bypasses decarboxylation reactions in the citric acid cycle, and Fatty Acid Catabolism, a major energy source in organisms. Learn about enzymes like Isocitrate lyase, Malate synthase, and the process of converting acetyl-CoA to glucose. This quiz covers key concepts in metabolism and energy production.
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