Glyoxylate Cycle and Fatty Acid Catabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which regulatory enzyme is inhibited by succinyl-CoA via feedback inhibition?

  • Citrate synthase (correct)
  • α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase

    • What effect does high levels of ATP have on the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex?

  • It converts acetyl-CoA to pyruvate
  • It phosphorylates E1 and inactivates the enzyme complex (correct)
  • It activates the enzyme complex
  • It promotes substrate channeling

    • Which molecule activates most of the regulated enzymes in the Citric Acid Cycle?

  • ATP
  • Succinyl-CoA
  • ADP (correct)
  • Acetyl-CoA

    • What is the purpose of the Glyoxylate Cycle in plants and microorganisms?

    <p>To replenish citric acid cycle intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fatty acid catabolism, what happens when H+ is added to the carbanion intermediate formed by treating fumarate with OH-?

    <p>Formation of L-malate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate?

    <p>Malate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex regulated when ATP levels are low?

    <p>[ADP] increases and activates PDH phosphorylase to reactivate the complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key product generated when L-malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule carries CO2 between enzyme active sites in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>[Biotin]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do activated bicarbonate and biotin interact during the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Activated bicarbonate reacts with [Biotin]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Glyoxylate Cycle in terms of energy production?

    <p>To convert acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate for glucose production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme bypasses decarboxylation reactions in the citric acid cycle during the Glyoxylate Cycle?

    <p>Isocitrate lyase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of acetyl-CoA in animals, according to the text?

    <p>Converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of fatty acids in energy storage, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>High solubility in blood for easy transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the mobilization of stored triacylglycerols from adipocytes?

    <p>Binding of glucagon or epinephrine to their cellular receptor(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is used as a molecular carrier of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>Carnitine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thiolase in fatty acid oxidation?

    <p>Transfer of the fatty acid chain by catalyzing thiolysis reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fatty acid oxidation, what is the function of enoyl-CoA hydratase?

    <p>Hydration of an alkene to form an alcohol product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in fatty acid catabolism?

    <p>Dehydrogenation of an alkane to an alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stereospecificity observed during hydration in the fatty acid catabolic pathway?

    <p>Formation of only L-isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Coenzyme A-SH (CoA-SH) in fatty acid catabolism?

    <p>Transfer of acetyl groups for further oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermediate is formed from odd-numbered fatty acids during β-oxidation?

    <p>Propionyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of acetyl-CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation?

    <p>Enters the citric acid cycle for further oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA?

    <p>Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional steps are required for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Isomerization and reduction of double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs when oxaloacetate is depleted during prolonged fasting or diabetes?

    <p>Ketone body formation from acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electron transport chain, which molecule transports electrons from Complexes I and II to Complex III?

    <p>Coenzyme Q (CoQ/CoQH2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Cytochromes in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To carry electrons and exist in Fe3+ or Fe2+ forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid catabolism product can be converted into glucose or glycogen?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Iron-sulfur clusters in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To carry electrons through protein complexes in various arrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

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