58 Questions
What is the primary function of mast cells in the body?
To produce histamine that dilates blood vessels
Which type of connective tissue is considered the most common form?
Areolar connective tissue
What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?
Heat production
Which type of connective tissue is described as 'jelly-like' in the ground substance?
Mucous connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue is described as 'widely distributed around almost every structure'?
Areolar connective tissue
What is the primary function of the fibers found in areolar connective tissue?
To provide strength and support
What is the main function of spongy bone?
To store triglycerides and produce blood cells
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of osteocytes?
Have gap junctions to facilitate communication
What is the primary function of osteoclasts?
To break down and resorb bone
What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone lacks them
Which of the following is NOT a part of the structure of an osteon?
Trabecular bone
What is the primary purpose of the alignment of osteons along the lines of stress in a bone?
To provide additional structural support and protection
Which type of white blood cells are effective against certain parasitic worms and in acute allergic responses?
Eosinophils
Which blood cells release substances like histamine to intensify the inflammatory reaction?
Basophils
Which type of white blood cells are involved in the immune response?
Lymphocytes
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
Which type of white blood cells circulate but mature ones are fixed in tissues and release substances to intensify the inflammatory reaction?
Mast cells
Which of the following statements about collagen fibres is correct?
They are the most abundant protein in the human body, comprising approximately 25% of the total protein.
Which of the following statements about reticular fibres is incorrect?
They are found primarily in bone and cartilage.
Which of the following statements about elastic fibres is correct?
They can be stretched up to 150% without breaking and are found in skin, blood vessels, and lungs.
What is the primary function of reticular fibres in the extracellular matrix?
To provide structural support and form networks in various tissues.
Which of the following statements about Marfan syndrome is correct?
It is a hereditary defect in elastic fibres, usually resulting from a dominant mutation in a gene on chromosome 15 that codes for fibrillin.
What is the primary role of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix?
To act as a medium for the diffusion of nutrients, gases, and waste products between cells and the bloodstream.
What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance?
To trap water and make the ground substance more jelly-like
What is the role of hyaluronidase in the extracellular matrix?
It makes the ground substance more liquid, allowing for easier movement
Which of the following glycosaminoglycans is found in the cornea of the eye?
Keratan sulfate
What is the connection between thyroid disease and abnormal extracellular matrix deposition in the periorbital region?
Thyroid disease triggers an autoimmune response that targets the fibroblasts in the extracellular matrix of the eye
How do the changes in the extracellular matrix contribute to the development of exophthalmos in thyroid disease?
The deposition of glycosaminoglycans and the influx of water increase the orbital contents
What is the main component of the extracellular matrix, as described in the text?
Ground substance
What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissues?
To provide a structural framework and support for the cells
Which of the following is NOT a major component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?
Nerve fibers
What is the primary function of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues?
To cushion and lubricate the tissue
Which type of connective tissue is described as having a 'jelly-like' ground substance?
Areolar tissue
Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix in connective tissues is NOT correct?
The extracellular matrix is the only component of connective tissues
Which of the following is a key difference between connective tissues and epithelial tissues?
Connective tissues are not found on body surfaces
Which glycosaminoglycan is responsible for providing support and adhesive features in cartilage, bone, skin, and blood vessels?
Chondroitin Sulphate
What enzyme, when produced by white blood cells, sperm, and some bacteria, makes the ground substance more liquid?
Hyaluronidase
In what context is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periorbital region commonly associated with thyroid disease called exophthalmos?
Autoimmune action on fibroblasts in the ECM of the eye
What is the primary function of keratan sulphate in bone, cartilage, and the cornea of the eye?
Support and structural maintenance
Which glycosaminoglycan is known for its viscous and slippery properties, binding cells together and lubricating joints?
Hyaluronic Acid
What role do white blood cells, sperm, and some bacteria play in making ground substance more liquid?
Secreting hyaluronidase
Which type of blood cells, aside from basophils, release substances to intensify the inflammatory reaction?
Eosinophils
Apart from mast cells, which other cells circulate in the blood but are fixed in tissues?
Monocytes
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
Platelets
Which type of white blood cells are mainly involved in the immune response?
Platelets
Aside from lymphocytes, which other cell types are fixed in tissues and play a role in the immune response?
Monocytes
Which of the following statements about the structure of osteons (Haversian systems) is correct?
Osteons consist of lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and a central (Haversian) canal.
What is the primary function of osteocytes?
To maintain bone tissue and facilitate nutrient/waste exchange.
Which of the following statements about the composition of bone tissue is correct?
Bone tissue is composed of extracellular matrix and four distinct cell types.
What is the primary function of osteoclasts?
To break down bone tissue during remodeling.
What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone does not.
Which of the following statements about the development of osteoblasts is correct?
Osteoblasts are mesenchymal stem cells that begin laying down collagen.
Which type of bone cell is responsible for the reabsorption of dead bone?
Osteoclasts
What is the primary function of the $canaliculi$ in the structure of bone?
To radiate from lacunae and provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste
Which of the following components of blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Erythrocytes
What is the primary function of the $ground substance$ in the extracellular matrix?
To act as a medium for diffusion of nutrients and waste products
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying bacteria?
Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages)
What is the primary function of $osteoblasts$ in the bone healing process?
To lay down new bone
Test your knowledge on the functions of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid. Learn about how these substances trap water, lubricate joints, and maintain the shape of the eyeball. Explore the role of hyaluronidase in making the ground substance more liquid.
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