Glycosaminoglycans and Hyaluronic Acid Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mast cells in the body?

  • To produce histamine that dilates blood vessels (correct)
  • To migrate out of blood vessels as leucocytes
  • To classify different types of connective tissue
  • To produce antibodies

    • Which type of connective tissue is considered the most common form?

  • Areolar connective tissue (correct)
  • Mesenchyme
  • Mucous connective tissue
  • Adipose connective tissue

    • What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?

  • Energy storage
  • Insulation
  • Heat production (correct)
  • Providing structural support

    • Which type of connective tissue is described as 'jelly-like' in the ground substance?

    <p>Mucous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is described as 'widely distributed around almost every structure'?

    <p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fibers found in areolar connective tissue?

    <p>To provide strength and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of spongy bone?

    <p>To store triglycerides and produce blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of osteocytes?

    <p>Have gap junctions to facilitate communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To break down and resorb bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

    <p>Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone lacks them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the structure of an osteon?

    <p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the alignment of osteons along the lines of stress in a bone?

    <p>To provide additional structural support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cells are effective against certain parasitic worms and in acute allergic responses?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells release substances like histamine to intensify the inflammatory reaction?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cells are involved in the immune response?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cells circulate but mature ones are fixed in tissues and release substances to intensify the inflammatory reaction?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about collagen fibres is correct?

    <p>They are the most abundant protein in the human body, comprising approximately 25% of the total protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about reticular fibres is incorrect?

    <p>They are found primarily in bone and cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about elastic fibres is correct?

    <p>They can be stretched up to 150% without breaking and are found in skin, blood vessels, and lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of reticular fibres in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To provide structural support and form networks in various tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Marfan syndrome is correct?

    <p>It is a hereditary defect in elastic fibres, usually resulting from a dominant mutation in a gene on chromosome 15 that codes for fibrillin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To act as a medium for the diffusion of nutrients, gases, and waste products between cells and the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance?

    <p>To trap water and make the ground substance more jelly-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyaluronidase in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>It makes the ground substance more liquid, allowing for easier movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glycosaminoglycans is found in the cornea of the eye?

    <p>Keratan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between thyroid disease and abnormal extracellular matrix deposition in the periorbital region?

    <p>Thyroid disease triggers an autoimmune response that targets the fibroblasts in the extracellular matrix of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the changes in the extracellular matrix contribute to the development of exophthalmos in thyroid disease?

    <p>The deposition of glycosaminoglycans and the influx of water increase the orbital contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the extracellular matrix, as described in the text?

    <p>Ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissues?

    <p>To provide a structural framework and support for the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?

    <p>Nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues?

    <p>To cushion and lubricate the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is described as having a 'jelly-like' ground substance?

    <p>Areolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix in connective tissues is NOT correct?

    <p>The extracellular matrix is the only component of connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between connective tissues and epithelial tissues?

    <p>Connective tissues are not found on body surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosaminoglycan is responsible for providing support and adhesive features in cartilage, bone, skin, and blood vessels?

    <p>Chondroitin Sulphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme, when produced by white blood cells, sperm, and some bacteria, makes the ground substance more liquid?

    <p>Hyaluronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periorbital region commonly associated with thyroid disease called exophthalmos?

    <p>Autoimmune action on fibroblasts in the ECM of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of keratan sulphate in bone, cartilage, and the cornea of the eye?

    <p>Support and structural maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosaminoglycan is known for its viscous and slippery properties, binding cells together and lubricating joints?

    <p>Hyaluronic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do white blood cells, sperm, and some bacteria play in making ground substance more liquid?

    <p>Secreting hyaluronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cells, aside from basophils, release substances to intensify the inflammatory reaction?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from mast cells, which other cells circulate in the blood but are fixed in tissues?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cells are mainly involved in the immune response?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aside from lymphocytes, which other cell types are fixed in tissues and play a role in the immune response?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of osteons (Haversian systems) is correct?

    <p>Osteons consist of lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and a central (Haversian) canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes?

    <p>To maintain bone tissue and facilitate nutrient/waste exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the composition of bone tissue is correct?

    <p>Bone tissue is composed of extracellular matrix and four distinct cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To break down bone tissue during remodeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

    <p>Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the development of osteoblasts is correct?

    <p>Osteoblasts are mesenchymal stem cells that begin laying down collagen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell is responsible for the reabsorption of dead bone?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the $canaliculi$ in the structure of bone?

    <p>To radiate from lacunae and provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the $ground substance$ in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To act as a medium for diffusion of nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of $osteoblasts$ in the bone healing process?

    <p>To lay down new bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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