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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the glycolytic pathway?
What is the main function of the glycolytic pathway?
Under which conditions can glycolysis occur?
Under which conditions can glycolysis occur?
What is the initial substrate for the glycolytic pathway?
What is the initial substrate for the glycolytic pathway?
Where does glycolysis primarily take place within the cell?
Where does glycolysis primarily take place within the cell?
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What is the final product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions?
What is the final product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions?
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Which organ primarily stores glycogen generated from glycolysis?
Which organ primarily stores glycogen generated from glycolysis?
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What are the by-products of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
What are the by-products of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
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What metabolic pathway is activated during the fed state to support glycolysis?
What metabolic pathway is activated during the fed state to support glycolysis?
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Which enzyme is responsible for substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
Which enzyme is responsible for substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
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What is the main purpose of phosphorylating glucose in the first step of glycolysis?
What is the main purpose of phosphorylating glucose in the first step of glycolysis?
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Which of the following kinases is reversible in the glycolytic pathway?
Which of the following kinases is reversible in the glycolytic pathway?
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What role does Mg2+ play in the function of kinases during glycolysis?
What role does Mg2+ play in the function of kinases during glycolysis?
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What is produced as a result of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
What is produced as a result of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
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What inhibits the enzyme enolase, affecting the glycolytic pathway?
What inhibits the enzyme enolase, affecting the glycolytic pathway?
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What is the product of anaerobic glycolysis when pyruvate is reduced?
What is the product of anaerobic glycolysis when pyruvate is reduced?
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How does NADH reoxidization affect glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
How does NADH reoxidization affect glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
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What is the primary end product of anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the primary end product of anaerobic glycolysis?
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How many steps are involved in aerobic glycolysis?
How many steps are involved in aerobic glycolysis?
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Which of the following can occur in cells lacking adequate oxygen supply?
Which of the following can occur in cells lacking adequate oxygen supply?
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What is the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis?
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Which enzyme catalyzes one of the irreversible steps in glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes one of the irreversible steps in glycolysis?
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What is the main difference in the final end products of aerobic versus anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the main difference in the final end products of aerobic versus anaerobic glycolysis?
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Which metabolic pathway occurs under intensive exercise in skeletal muscles?
Which metabolic pathway occurs under intensive exercise in skeletal muscles?
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What is the net equation for anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the net equation for anaerobic glycolysis?
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During which step of glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed?
During which step of glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed?
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Which component is not generated during aerobic glycolysis?
Which component is not generated during aerobic glycolysis?
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Study Notes
Types of Glycolysis
- Aerobic glycolysis occurs in cells with mitochondria and an adequate oxygen supply.
- Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in cells lacking mitochondria, cells that are poorly vascularized, or cells deprived of sufficient oxygen.
- Aerobic glycolysis has 10 steps and produces pyruvate as the end product.
- Anaerobic glycolysis has 11 steps and produces lactate as the end product.
- Aerobic glycolysis produces 8 ATP, while anaerobic glycolysis produces 2 ATP.
Notes on Glycolysis
- Irreversible steps: There are 3 irreversible steps in glycolysis: hexokinase/glucokinase, PFK-1, and pyruvate kinase.
- Kinases: There are 4 kinases in glycolysis, 3 are irreversible, and phosphoglycerate kinase is the only reversible kinase.
- Substrate Level Phosphorylation: There are 2 substrate-level phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase.
- NADH Production: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes a reaction that produces NADH.
- Glucose Trapping: The first step of glycolysis, phosphorylation, traps glucose inside the cell by converting it to glucose 6-phosphate, a negatively charged molecule that cannot cross the cell membrane.
- Glucose Activation: Phosphorylation also activates glucose to proceed through the glycolytic pathway.
- Magnesium Cofactor: Magnesium (Mg2+) is a metal cofactor for kinases and ATP is complexed with Mg2+ during this process.
- Fluoride Inhibitor: Fluoride inhibits the enzyme enolase, reducing dental caries.
Exercise
- Enzyme X1 is Hexokinase/Glucokinase.
- Enzyme X2 is Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1).
- Enzyme X3 is Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase.
- Enzyme X4 is Pyruvate Kinase.
- The inhibitor (I) of enzyme X4 is Fluoride.
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Step 11: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reduces pyruvate to lactate.
- LDH's Role: LDH reoxidizes NADH to NAD+, allowing glycolysis to proceed under anaerobic conditions.
- Pyruvate Reduction: Pyruvate is reduced to lactate during this step.
- No ATP Production: No ATP is formed from NADH during anaerobic glycolysis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the types of glycolysis, including the differences between aerobic and anaerobic processes. Explore the key steps, ATP production, and enzyme functions involved in glycolysis. This quiz is perfect for biology students looking to solidify their understanding of cellular respiration.
