Glycolysis Overview and Steps
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the Citric acid cycle?

  • Produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
  • Synthesize amino acids directly
  • Generate oxygen for the cell
  • Complete the extraction of energy from glucose (correct)

Which process requires oxygen and is considered an aerobic process?

  • Electron Transport Chain (correct)
  • Fatty acid synthesis
  • Chemiosmosis
  • Gluconeogenesis

What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?

  • FADH2
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • NADH
  • ADP

Which molecule is used in substrate phosphorylation to generate ATP directly?

<p>ADP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in chemiosmosis during cellular respiration?

<p>Production of ATP using ATP synthase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step of cellular respiration are H+ ions pumped into the intermembrane space?

<p>Chemiosmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ATP synthase turbine in cellular respiration?

<p>Enables the phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in cellular respiration is described as more efficient than substrate phosphorylation?

<p>ETC and chemiosmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cyanide blocks the passage of electrons to oxygen?

<p>Cell death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

<p>To generate a proton gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are typically produced per glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

<p>26-28 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of insulin?

<p>Promotes glucose uptake into cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is considered the 'gate-keeper' for glycolysis?

<p>Phosphofructokinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to increase blood sugar levels?

<p>Glucagon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does AMP accumulate?

<p>When ATP is being used rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can generate ATP apart from glucose in cellular respiration?

<p>Fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia?

<p>Hyperglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur?

<p>In the cytosol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP are invested, 4 ATP are produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

<p>In the mitochondrial matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during pyruvate oxidation?

<p>1 NADH and 1 CO2 per pyruvate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not produced during the citric acid cycle?

<p>6 CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

<p>They are electron donors in the electron transport chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus?

<p>Inability to produce or respond to insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

<p>Type 1 diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of diabetics who have Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Greater than 90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Over the age of 40 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a lack of functional insulin in diabetes mellitus?

<p>Increased blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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