8 Questions
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
What is the energy yield of glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 NADH
What is the function of pyruvate oxidation?
Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
What inhibits glycolysis?
ATP, ADP, and citrate
What is the product of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
Acetyl-CoA and CoA
What stimulates glycolysis?
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and insulin
Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is the energy yield of pyruvate oxidation?
2 NADH, 2 ATP
Study Notes
Glycolysis
- Location: Cytoplasm
- Function: Breakdown of glucose (6-carbon sugar) into pyruvate (3-carbon compound)
- Energy yield: 2 ATP, 2 NADH
-
Steps:
- Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
- Conversion of G6P to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
- Conversion of F6P to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP)
- Cleavage of F1,6BP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
- Conversion of G3P and DHAP to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG)
- Conversion of 1,3BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and ATP
- Conversion of 3PG to pyruvate
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Location: Mitochondrial matrix
- Function: Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Energy yield: 2 NADH, 2 ATP
-
Steps:
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Acetyl-CoA is converted to citrate, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Coenzyme A (CoA) is released and recycled
Regulation of Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation
- Allosteric control: ATP, ADP, and citrate inhibit glycolysis, while Pi and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate stimulate it
- Hormonal regulation: Insulin stimulates glycolysis, while glucagon inhibits it
- Substrate availability: Availability of glucose and oxygen affects the rate of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Breaks down glucose (6-carbon sugar) into pyruvate (3-carbon compound)
- Yields 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Involves 7 steps:
- Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
- Conversion of G6P to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
- Conversion of F6P to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP)
- Cleavage of F1,6BP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
- Conversion of G3P and DHAP to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG)
- Conversion of 1,3BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and ATP
- Conversion of 3PG to pyruvate
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Yields 2 NADH and 2 ATP
- Involves 3 steps:
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Acetyl-CoA is converted to citrate, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Coenzyme A (CoA) is released and recycled
Regulation of Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation
- Allosteric control: ATP, ADP, and citrate inhibit glycolysis, while Pi and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate stimulate it
- Hormonal regulation: insulin stimulates glycolysis, while glucagon inhibits it
- Substrate availability: availability of glucose and oxygen affects the rate of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
This quiz covers the location, function, and steps of glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. Learn about the conversion of glucose into various compounds, including glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and more.
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