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Questions and Answers
Where does glycolysis take place?
Where does glycolysis take place?
What is the energy yield of glycolysis?
What is the energy yield of glycolysis?
What is the function of pyruvate oxidation?
What is the function of pyruvate oxidation?
What inhibits glycolysis?
What inhibits glycolysis?
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What is the product of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
What is the product of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
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What stimulates glycolysis?
What stimulates glycolysis?
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Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?
Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?
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What is the energy yield of pyruvate oxidation?
What is the energy yield of pyruvate oxidation?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis
- Location: Cytoplasm
- Function: Breakdown of glucose (6-carbon sugar) into pyruvate (3-carbon compound)
- Energy yield: 2 ATP, 2 NADH
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Steps:
- Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
- Conversion of G6P to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
- Conversion of F6P to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP)
- Cleavage of F1,6BP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
- Conversion of G3P and DHAP to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG)
- Conversion of 1,3BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and ATP
- Conversion of 3PG to pyruvate
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Location: Mitochondrial matrix
- Function: Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Energy yield: 2 NADH, 2 ATP
-
Steps:
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Acetyl-CoA is converted to citrate, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Coenzyme A (CoA) is released and recycled
Regulation of Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation
- Allosteric control: ATP, ADP, and citrate inhibit glycolysis, while Pi and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate stimulate it
- Hormonal regulation: Insulin stimulates glycolysis, while glucagon inhibits it
- Substrate availability: Availability of glucose and oxygen affects the rate of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Breaks down glucose (6-carbon sugar) into pyruvate (3-carbon compound)
- Yields 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Involves 7 steps:
- Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
- Conversion of G6P to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
- Conversion of F6P to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP)
- Cleavage of F1,6BP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
- Conversion of G3P and DHAP to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG)
- Conversion of 1,3BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and ATP
- Conversion of 3PG to pyruvate
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Yields 2 NADH and 2 ATP
- Involves 3 steps:
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Acetyl-CoA is converted to citrate, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Coenzyme A (CoA) is released and recycled
Regulation of Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation
- Allosteric control: ATP, ADP, and citrate inhibit glycolysis, while Pi and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate stimulate it
- Hormonal regulation: insulin stimulates glycolysis, while glucagon inhibits it
- Substrate availability: availability of glucose and oxygen affects the rate of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
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Description
This quiz covers the location, function, and steps of glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. Learn about the conversion of glucose into various compounds, including glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and more.
