Gluteal Region Muscles Anatomy Quiz

Gluteal Region Muscles

• Superficial Gluteal Muscles:

  • Gluteus Maximus: Originates on the posterior surface of the ilium, inserts on the gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract. Its action is hip extension and lateral rotation. Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
  • Gluteus Medius: Originates on the posterior surface of the ilium, inserts on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter. Actions include abduction (moving the leg away from the body) and medial rotation. Supplied by the superior gluteal nerve.
  • Gluteus Minimus: Originates from the iliac crest, inserts on the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter. Action includes abduction and medial rotation. Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
  • Tensor Fasciae Latae: Originates from the anterior iliac crest and ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine), inserts on the iliotibial tract, attaching to the lateral condyle of the tibia.. Action is flexion of the thigh. Supplied by the superior gluteal nerve.

• Deep Gluteal Muscles:

  • Piriformis: Originates on the anterior aspect of the sacrum, inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. Actions include lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh. Innervated by the nerve to piriformis.
  • Obturator Internus: Originates on the obturator membrane, inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. Actions include lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh. Innervated by the nerve to the obturator internus.
  • Superior Gemellus: Originates from the ischial spine, inserts on the greater trochanter. Actions include lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh. Innervated by the nerve to the obturator internus.
  • Inferior Gemellus: Originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the greater trochanter. Actions include lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh. Innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris.
  • Quadratus Femoris: Originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest. Action is lateral rotation of the thigh. Innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris.

Thigh Muscles

• Anterior Compartment:

  • Iliopsoas: Originates from the lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa, inserts on the lesser trochanter. Action is hip flexion. Innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Pectineus: Originates from the pubis, inserts onto the posterior aspect of the femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter. Actions include adduction and flexion of the thigh. It is innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Sartorius: Originates from the ASIS, inserts on the superior medial surface of the tibia. Actions include flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh. Innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Vastus Lateralis: Originates on the greater trochanter, inserts on the patella via the quadriceps tendon. Action is knee extension. Innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Vastus Medialis: Originates from the intertrochanteric line, inserts on the patella via the quadriceps tendon. Action is knee extension. Innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Vastus Intermedius: Originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft, inserts on the patella via the quadriceps tendon. Action is knee extension. Innervated by the femoral nerve.
  • Rectus Femoris: Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine, inserts on the patella via the quadriceps tendon. Action includes knee extension and hip flexion. Innervated by the femoral nerve.

• Medial Compartment:

  • Adductor Magnus: Originates from the inferior pubic ramus (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity (hamstring part), inserts on the linea aspera and adductor tubercle (adductor portion) and hamstring portion. Actions include adduction and flexion (adductor) and adduction and extension (hamstring) of the thigh. Innervation involves both the obturator and sciatic nerves.
  • Adductor Longus: Originates from the pubis and inserts along the linea aspera. Action is adduction of the thigh. Innervated by the obturator nerve.
  • Adductor Brevis: Originates on the pubis and inserts on the linea aspera. Action is adduction of the thigh. Innervated by the obturator nerve.
  • Obturator Externus: Originates from the obturator membrane and inserts on the greater trochanter. Action includes adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh. Innervated by the obturator nerve.
  • Gracilis: Originates from the inferior pubic ramus and inserts on the medial surface of the tibial shaft. Actions are adduction and flexion of the thigh and flexion of the leg at the knee joint. Innervation comes from the obturator nerve.

• Posterior Compartment (Hamstrings):

  • Biceps Femoris: Origins (long head) ischial tuberosity, (short head) linea aspera, inserts on the head of the fibula. Actions include knee flexion and thigh extension (lateral rotation). Innervated by the sciatic nerve.
  • Semimembranosus: Originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the medial tibial condyle. Actions include knee flexion, thigh extension (medial rotation). Innervation from the sciatic nerve.
  • Semitendinosus: Originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the medial surface of the tibia. Actions include knee flexion, thigh extension (medial rotation). Innervation from the sciatic nerve.

Leg Muscles

• Anterior Compartment:

  • Tibialis Anterior: Originates from the lateral surface of the tibia, inserts on the medial cuneiform and base of MT1 (metatarsal 1). Action includes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. Innervated by the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus: Originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and medial surface of the fibula. Inserts on the extensor expansion of toes 2-5. Action is dorsiflexion and extension of toes 2-5. Innervation via the deep fibular nerve.
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus: Originates from the medial surface of the fibular shaft, inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe. Action is dorsiflexion and extension of the great toe. Innervation from the deep fibular nerve.
  • Fibularis Tertius: Originates from the medial surface of the fibula, inserts on the dorsal surface of the foot and onto MT5 (metatarsal 5). Action is dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. Innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

• Lateral Compartment:

  • Fibularis Longus: Originates from the superior and lateral surface of the fibula, inserts below the foot on the medial cuneiform and base of MT1. Action is eversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Innervated by the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
  • Fibularis Brevis: Originates from the inferolateral surface of the fibula, inserts on the tubercle of MT5, passing over the calcaneus and cuboid bones. Action is eversion of the foot. Innervated by the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.

• Posterior Compartment (Superficial):

  • Gastrocnemius: Originates from the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur. Inserts on the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon). Action is plantar flexion and knee flexion. Supplied by tibial nerve.
  • Plantaris: Originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and inserts into the calcaneal tendon. Action is plantar flexion. Supplied by the tibial nerve.
  • Soleus: Originates from the soleal line, inserts on the calcaneal tendon. Action is plantar flexion and knee flexion. Supplied by the tibial nerve.

• Posterior Compartment (Deep):

  • Popliteus: Originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, inserts on the proximal tibia above the soleal line. Action is lateral rotation of the tibia/knee. Innervated by the tibial nerve.
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus: Originates from the posterior surface of the tibia, inserts on the plantar surface of the lateral four digits. Action is flexion of toes 2-5. Innervation from the tibial nerve.
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus: Originates from the posterior surface of the fibula, inserts on the plantar surface of the phalanx of the great toe. Action is flexion of the great toe. Innervated by the tibial nerve.
  • Tibialis Posterior: Originates from the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula, inserts on the plantar surfaces of the medial tarsal bones. Action is inversion and plantar flexion of the foot. Innervated by the tibial nerve.