Gluconeogenesis Steps

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?

  • Converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
  • Converting phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate
  • Converting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate
  • Converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate (correct)

What is the function of mitochondrial transport in gluconeogenesis?

  • Converting phosphoenolpyruvate to glyceraldehyde
  • Transporting phosphoenolpyruvate from the cytosol to the mitochondria (correct)
  • Converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate
  • Regenerating ATP from ADP and Pi

What is the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase?

  • Oxaloacetate + GTP → Pyruvate + CO2 + GDP
  • G3P + ATP → 3-PG + ADP + Pi
  • Oxaloacetate + GTP → PEP + CO2 + GDP (correct)
  • Pyruvate + ATP → Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi

What is the enzyme responsible for converting 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

<p>Phosphoglycerate mutase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the gluconeogenesis pathway?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the enzyme reaction catalyzed by enolase?

<p>2-Phosphoglycerate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Gluconeogenesis Steps

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process involves 11 steps, which can be divided into two phases: the pyruvate-to-phosphoenolpyruvate phase and the phosphoenolpyruvate-to-glucose phase.

Phase 1: Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate (Steps 1-3)

  1. Pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate in the mitochondria, requiring ATP and CO2.
    • Reaction: Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP → Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi
  2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: Oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the cytosol.
    • Reaction: Oxaloacetate + GTP → PEP + CO2 + GDP
  3. Mitochondrial transport: PEP is transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria.

Phase 2: Phosphoenolpyruvate to Glucose (Steps 4-11)

  1. Enolase: PEP is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) in the cytosol.
    • Reaction: PEP → 2-PG
  2. Phosphoglycerate mutase: 2-PG is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG).
    • Reaction: 2-PG → 3-PG
  3. Phosphoglycerate kinase: 3-PG is converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and ATP.
    • Reaction: 3-PG + ATP → G3P + ADP + Pi
  4. Triosephosphate isomerase: G3P is converted to glyceraldehyde (GAL).
    • Reaction: G3P → GAL
  5. Aldolase: GAL is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP).
    • Reaction: GAL → F1,6BP
  6. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: F1,6BP is converted to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P).
    • Reaction: F1,6BP → F6P
  7. Glucose 6-phosphatase: F6P is converted to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P).
    • Reaction: F6P → G6P
  8. Glucose 6-phosphatase: G6P is converted to glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.
    • Reaction: G6P → Glucose + Pi

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