11 Questions
What is the main purpose of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle?
To produce energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2
Which process involves the conversion of non-carbohydrate sources, like amino acids, into glucose?
Gluconeogenesis
During which metabolic process are fatty acids broken down to generate ATP?
TCA cycle
What process will take place as a substitute to maintain Mr. GB's glucose level during fasting?
Gluconeogenesis
Where does the conversion of alanine and glycerol to glucose mainly occur to maintain glucose levels?
Liver
During short-term maximum exertion, what will provide the main fuel for muscle contraction?
Muscle Glycogen
Which amino acid is the major contributor to transporting nitrogen for excretion as urea?
Glutamine
Which process do mitochondria in the cell NOT carry out?
Move chromosomes to the end of the cell during cell division
Which substrate does NOT contribute to net gluconeogenesis in the liver?
Palmitate
Which enzyme is NOT involved in the flow of carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) and gluconeogenesis?
Phosphoglucoisomerase
A child with an enlarged liver is diagnosed with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. Which process is directly affected by this deficiency?
Gluconeogenesis
Study Notes
Krebs Cycle and Energy Production
- Acetyl-CoA plays a crucial role in the Krebs cycle by facilitating the production of ATP.
Gluconeogenesis
- Gluconeogenesis is the process that converts non-carbohydrate sources, like amino acids, into glucose.
- During fasting, gluconeogenesis takes place to maintain glucose levels.
- The conversion of alanine and glycerol to glucose mainly occurs in the liver to maintain glucose levels.
Fatty Acid Breakdown
- Fatty acids are broken down to generate ATP during beta-oxidation.
Muscle Contraction
- During short-term maximum exertion, ATP produced from anaerobic glycolysis provides the main fuel for muscle contraction.
Nitrogen Transport and Excretion
- Alanine is the major contributor to transporting nitrogen for excretion as urea.
Mitochondrial Function
- Mitochondria do not carry out gluconeogenesis.
Gluconeogenesis Substrates
- Alanine and glycerol contribute to net gluconeogenesis in the liver.
- Pyruvate does not contribute to net gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Enzymes
- Phosphofructokinase-1 is involved in the flow of carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) and gluconeogenesis.
- Glucose-6-phosphatase is involved in gluconeogenesis.
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
- A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase directly affects gluconeogenesis.
Test your knowledge on gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis processes in maintaining blood glucose levels. Learn about how the body converts different substances to glucose when fasting. Answer questions related to liver and muscle glycogen usage, as well as the conversion of alanine and glycerol to glucose.
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