Glowing Jellies and GFP Mechanism

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe different versions of a gene?

  • Chromosomes
  • Alleles (correct)
  • Pairs
  • Genes

How many copies of each gene does an organism have?

  • Two (correct)
  • Four
  • Three
  • One

What is the process called when two parents contribute their chromosomes to offspring?

  • Mitosis
  • Sexual Reproduction (correct)
  • Meiosis
  • Asexual Reproduction

How many chromosomes does each parent pass down to their offspring?

<p>One (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the structures that contain genes?

<p>Chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism has two different versions of a gene, what is this called?

<p>Heterozygous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a pair of chromosomes contain?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do offspring inherit traits from both parents?

<p>Because each parent contributes one chromosome from each pair to the offspring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GFP stand for?

<p>Green Fluorescent Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an adult jelly has the gene for GFP, what is the chance that its offspring will also have the GFP gene?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "gene" refer to?

<p>A section of DNA that contains instructions for a specific protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many copies of each gene does an organism usually have?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the gene passed down from the parent to the offspring?

<p>It is expressed in the offspring's cells, potentially resulting in specific traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a predator encounters a glowing jellyfish?

<p>The predator is startled or confused by the glow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glow in the jellyfish?

<p>To deter predators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement that glowing is an "adaptive trait" for jellyfish?

<p>It means that glowing helps the jellyfish survive and reproduce in its environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the glowing jellyfish's ability to glow help it survive?

<p>It helps them avoid predators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible evolutionary advantage for the jellyfish's ability to glow?

<p>It helps them survive better in their environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the glow of the jellyfish?

<p>The glow is triggered only when the jellyfish is threatened. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between the glowing jellyfish and larger predators?

<p>Larger predators might be attracted by the glow and help to deter smaller predators from attacking the jellyfish. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT mentioned as a possible function of the jellyfish's glow?

<p>To attract prey. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did scientists discover about the glow of crystal jellies?

<p>The glow comes from a protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that makes crystal jellies glow?

<p>Green Fluorescent Protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

<p>Instructions for a cell to make a specific protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did scientists do to find out how crystal jellies make GFP?

<p>They investigated the jellies' genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did scientists discover by investigating the genes of crystal jellies?

<p>The genes contained instructions to make the GFP protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for Green Fluorescent Protein?

<p>GFP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the GFP protein in crystal jellies?

<p>It makes the jellies glow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of this passage?

<p>The discovery of the protein that makes crystal jellies glow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is responsible for a jelly's ability to glow?

<p>Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between genes and proteins?

<p>Genes create proteins, which then influence traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do jellies inherit the ability to glow?

<p>They inherit the GFP gene from their parents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?

<p>Chromosomes carry genes, which are passed down from parents to offspring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a jelly has the GFP gene, what can we definitively say about it?

<p>It will be able to pass the glowing trait to its offspring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genes influence a jelly's traits?

<p>Genes influence the production of proteins, which in turn determine traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a parent jelly does not have the GFP gene, can its offspring glow?

<p>No, the offspring will not be able to glow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between genes, proteins, and traits?

<p>Genes determine protein production, which then influences traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glowing Jellies

Jellyfish that emit a bright glow at night, often green in color.

Defense Mechanism

A strategy used by organisms to protect themselves from predators.

Adaptive Trait

A characteristic that enhances survival in a particular environment.

Predator Confusion

A tactic where an animal's behavior or appearance confuses potential threats.

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Attract Bigger Predators

Using bright colors or actions to draw in larger predators that scare off smaller ones.

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Non-Stinging Jellies

Certain jellyfish species that do not have venom that hurts humans.

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Bioluminescence

The natural ability of some organisms to emit light, often for communication or defense.

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Jellyfish Habitat

The ocean environments where jellyfish thrive and exhibit their glowing behavior.

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Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

A protein that causes crystal jellies to glow.

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Crystal jellies

Marine organisms known for their bioluminescent properties.

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Gene

Instructions in an organism's cells to make proteins.

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Protein synthesis

The process of creating proteins from amino acids.

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GFP gene

The specific gene responsible for producing Green Fluorescent Protein.

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Scientific investigation

The methodical exploration to understand biological processes.

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Cells

Basic structural units of living organisms that contain genes.

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Green Fluorescent Protein

A protein that causes certain jellies to emit a green glow.

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Trait

A characteristic such as glowing, resulting from genetic expression.

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Chromosomes

Structures in cells that carry genes and come in pairs.

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Offspring

The young produced by the reproduction of adult organisms.

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Reproduction in jellies

The process where adult jellies pass genes to their young.

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Gene inheritance

The passing down of genes from parents to offspring.

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Alleles

Different versions of a gene that can exist for a trait.

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Diploid Organism

An organism with two copies of each gene, one from each parent.

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Sexual Reproduction

A process where two parents contribute genetic material to offspring.

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Chromosome Pair

Two chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and gene content.

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Gene Transfer

The process by which genes are passed from parents to offspring.

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Gene Copies

Each organism has two copies of each gene, one from each parent chromosome.

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GFP Instruction

GFP refers to the gene that instructs cells to produce green fluorescent protein.

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Offspring Gene Inheritance

Offspring inherit one gene copy from each parent, determining traits like GFP production.

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Bioluminescence in Offspring

Offspring with the GFP gene will glow due to their cells producing the protein encoded by that gene.

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Study Notes

Glowing Jellies

  • Jellies glow as a defense mechanism against predators, either startling or confusing them, or attracting larger predators that might scare away smaller ones
  • Glowing is an adaptive trait helping jellies survive in their environment
  • In 1992, scientists discovered a protein causing the glow, named Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
  • GFP is produced by the cells when a specific gene, which is a set of instructions for making a protein, is present
  • The jelly receives one copy of each gene from each parent during reproduction
  • Chromosomes come in pairs, with each pair containing one copy of a gene on each chromosome
  • Offspring inherit one copy of each chromosome from each parent, thus receiving one copy of each gene
  • If a jelly has the GFP gene, it produces GFP protein that causes the glow in the dark
  • GFP protein causes some jellies to glow in the dark

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