20 Questions
What is the term for compounds formed by the reaction of acids and bases?
Salts
Which term refers to the subtraction of oxygen from, or the addition of hydrogen to, a substance?
Reduction
What do pH-balanced shampoos aim to balance?
The pH of hair and skin
What page is the definition of a 'pure substance' found on?
Matter that has a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct proportions
Which term describes a combination of two or more substances united physically?
Physical Mixture
What are compounds of any element combined with oxygen called?
Oxides
Which term describes the characteristics of matter that can be determined without a chemical reaction?
Physical Properties
What substance is used to remove dirt, oil, perspiration, and skin debris from the hair and scalp?
Shampoo
Which term is used for an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Redox
What's the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance known as?
pH (potential hydrogen)
What is pH a measure of?
Concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline solutions
What type of change occurs when a substance changes its form without forming a new substance?
Physical change
What is a combination of two or more substances united physically?
Physical mixture
What are the characteristics of matter that can be determined without a chemical reaction?
Physical properties
What occurs when the form of a substance changes, but not its composition?
Physical change
What is the purpose of scalp conditioners?
To soften and improve the health of the scalp
What does shampoo remove from the hair and scalp?
Dirt, oil, perspiration, and skin debris
What is reduction in chemistry?
The addition of hydrogen to, or the subtraction of oxygen from, a substance
What is the benefit of using scalp conditioners?
To improve the overall health of the scalp
What is the primary function of shampoo?
To cleanse the hair and scalp
Study Notes
Glossary of Terms
Compounds and Substances
- Oxides are compounds of any element combined with oxygen.
- Salts are compounds formed by the reaction of acids and bases.
- Pure substances have a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties.
pH and Acidity
- pH (potential hydrogen) measures the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
- pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline solutions.
- pH-balanced shampoos are shampoos that are balanced to the pH of hair and skin, ranging from 4.5 to 5.5.
Changes and Mixtures
- Physical change occurs when the form of a substance changes without forming a new substance.
- Physical mixture is a combination of two or more substances united physically.
- Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be determined without a chemical reaction.
Chemical Reactions
- Redox refers to an oxidation-reduction reaction.
- Reduction occurs when oxygen is subtracted from, or hydrogen is added to, a substance.
Hair and Scalp Care
- Shampoo removes dirt, oil, perspiration, and skin debris from the hair and scalp.
- Scalp conditioners are cream-based products and ointments used to soften and improve the health of the scalp.
pH and Acidity
- pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions, specifically in acidic and alkaline solutions.
Physical Change
- A physical change occurs when a substance changes its form without forming a new substance, meaning its chemical composition remains the same.
Physical Mixtures
- A physical mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are united physically, but not chemically, and can be separated using physical methods.
Physical Properties
- Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be determined and measured without undergoing a chemical reaction, such as texture, color, and melting point.
Reduction
- Involves the subtraction of oxygen from a substance
- Alternatively, it involves the addition of hydrogen to a substance
Scalp Conditioners
- Cream-based products used to soften and improve scalp health
- Ointments used to soften and improve scalp health
Shampoo
- Removes dirt from hair and scalp
- Removes oil from hair and scalp
- Removes perspiration from hair and scalp
- Removes skin debris from hair and scalp
Test your knowledge of key terms and definitions from a glossary. Identify the correct meanings of various terms used in a specific context.
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