Glossary of Terms for Wallpaper
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Questions and Answers

What does abrasion resistance refer to?

  • Ability to resist chemical corrosion
  • Ability to resist electrical conductivity
  • Ability to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction (correct)
  • Ability to resist temperature changes
  • Which of the following describes an 'Accelerator'?

  • Increases the water content of concrete
  • Slows down the hydration of hydraulic cement
  • Increases the rate of hardening and strength development (correct)
  • Increases the viscosity of concrete
  • What is referred to as an 'Admixture'?

  • A type of finishing plaster
  • A substance that decreases the bonding strength
  • A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement added during mixing (correct)
  • A method of applying paint
  • Which statement best describes 'Agglomerate'?

    <p>Granular material used with a cementing medium to form concrete or mortar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Alkali' in the context of wall materials?

    <p>A substance that neutralizes acids to form neutral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Ashlar' refer to in masonry?

    <p>Masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean-cut jointing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material can be described as pliant and used as wall covering?

    <p>Applied materials like cork, fabric, or vinyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Photomural'?

    <p>An enlarged photograph used as a mural on the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Starch Paste' consist of?

    <p>Made from maize, corn, potato, or wheat in powdered form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does 'Vinyls' provide for wall coverings?

    <p>Renders the paper impervious to steam and damp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'BOND' refer to in the context of decoration materials?

    <p>The adherence of one material to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterizes BUTTONBACK TILE?

    <p>It has projections on the bondable side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is defined as a soft, plastic material used for sealing joints in buildings?

    <p>Caulking compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'LIVE LOAD' in the context of building materials?

    <p>The moving load or variable weight to which a building is subjected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of BUTYL RUBBER?

    <p>Resistance to water and gas absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a French wood-paneled wall?

    <p>Boiserie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'CURTAIN WALL'?

    <p>A thin wall supported by the structural frame of the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'ETCHINGS' referred to in decoration materials?

    <p>Prints from a copper plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does a 'GRILLE' serve as a decoration material?

    <p>Lattice or trellis openwork screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the thin supporting wall cladding a building?

    <p>Cladding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a corner block?

    <p>To create a junction between sides and head strips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decoration is known for its formalized bunch of leaves carved at intervals?

    <p>Crocket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What design is described as a repeating pattern without definite limits?

    <p>Diaper Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cyma reversa curve characterized by?

    <p>Starting and ending vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ornament is shaped like a five-leaved clover?

    <p>Cinquefoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of design element consists of parallel concave grooves?

    <p>Flutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an ornamental sunken panel typically found in ceilings or vaults?

    <p>Coffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fillet in architectural design?

    <p>To separate larger moldings or areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plywood made up of?

    <p>Thin layers or plies of timber bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pilaster resemble?

    <p>A rectangular shaft built into a wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is used for the first coat of plaster or stucco?

    <p>Scratch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small cube of stone, glass, or marble used in making mosaics?

    <p>Tessera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is veneer match?

    <p>Patterns created by placing thin slices of wood together featuring the grain in various combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trumeau?

    <p>A decorative treatment of the space over a mantel, door, or window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture?

    <p>Plasticizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum interval during which a material may be stored and remain in a usable condition?

    <p>Shelf life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a permanent, fixed, and changeless state?

    <p>Permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anthemion?

    <p>A conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals used as a decorative motif</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Gargoyle primarily used for?

    <p>As a water spout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form is used to top a Gaine?

    <p>A topless female half-figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Linenfold' refer to?

    <p>A panel resembling folded cloth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a 'Herm'?

    <p>A squared stone pillar with a male head used in ancient Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Guilloche'?

    <p>A band or border with overlapping circular forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Ormolu' refer to?

    <p>A variety of brass made to imitate gold or bronze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a crescent or half-moon form?

    <p>Lunette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Patera' usually contain?

    <p>A flat circle or oval with acanthus leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decorative motif is a semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point at the bottom?

    <p>Scallop Shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decorative element consists of enriched interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork?

    <p>Strapwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motif features a decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material?

    <p>Wreath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design pattern is also known as the Wave Pattern?

    <p>Vitruvian Scroll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is commonly used as marquetry in furniture panes?

    <p>Seaweed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motif is characterized by having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion?

    <p>Sphinx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a convex semi-circular molding called?

    <p>Torus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decorative motif resembles a tree or vine with branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals?

    <p>Tree-of-Life Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for stains appearing on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling?

    <p>Adhesive Stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper?

    <p>Flocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to wallpaper designs that memorialize a historic event?

    <p>Commemorative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Ground' in the context of wallpaper?

    <p>Raw stock in which a coat of pigment is applied before the top colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Double-Cut Wallpaper Seam' refer to?

    <p>An installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped and cut through the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for paper with a thin sheet of flexible metal on it?

    <p>Foils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the appearance of one color bleeding into another?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Gilding' mean in the context of wallpaper?

    <p>Thin metallic particles applied to the paper surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decoration involves tortoiseshell, ivory, mother-of-pearl and metals as inlay to ornament cabinetwork?

    <p>Boulle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of anything originally right-angled?

    <p>Chamfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design element is generally made of plaster and fixed to the center of a ceiling, often with a pendant light fitting?

    <p>Ceiling Rose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a full or half male figure used in place of a column or furniture leg?

    <p>Atlante</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by motifs that emulate the letters 'C' and 'S', often used in Rococo style?

    <p>C and S Scrolls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decorative strip or moulding resembles a string of beads and is found on furniture, silver, and glassware?

    <p>Beading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Arabesque' in decoration?

    <p>A symmetrical horizontal composition of intertwining leaves and flowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a molding of concave form approximating a quarter circle?

    <p>Cavetto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material technique involves painting on wet plaster?

    <p>Fresco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a primer in painting?

    <p>To provide adhesion for the remaining coats of paint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is grain raising?

    <p>Swelling and standing up of wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves creating a smooth lustrous effect by layering numerous coats of varnish?

    <p>Lacquering (Japanning)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material technique uses putty to set glass in window frames?

    <p>Glazing Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gilding achieve?

    <p>A gold finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rivelling?

    <p>Wrinkles occurring in the paint film as it dries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of thinners in painting?

    <p>To thin coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of anti-corrosive paint?

    <p>To inhibit corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for bubbles or blisters forming in the paint film due to water vapor?

    <p>Blistering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paint technique involves applying a diluted layer of paint over a base coat for a glimpse of color?

    <p>Colorwash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is achieved by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates, resulting in a finer crazing than crackle glaze?

    <p>Craquelure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface?

    <p>Anchoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where a finish is made to look older or time-worn?

    <p>Distressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paint contains grit to form a grippable surface?

    <p>Anti-slip paint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paint method imitates old peeling paint by producing cracks on the top layer?

    <p>Crackle glaze paint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term means the powdery deposit formed on a dry paint film surface due to insufficient sealing?

    <p>Chalking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of paint is largely superseded by emulsion paints?

    <p>Distemper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glossary of Terms for Wallpaper

    • Adhesive stains: stains on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling.
    • Appliques: figures cut from paper and laid on to another paper.
    • Bleeding: the appearance of one color to another.
    • Allovers: floral foliage or scroll patterns, covering the entire paper.
    • Blisters or bubbles: air pockets trapped behind the paper, caused by under soaking or not evenly brushing paste.

    Design and Patterns

    • Color run: the amount of rolls produced of a single color combination at one time.
    • Commemorative: designs that memorialize a historic event.
    • Companion papers: a set of designs and colors to be used together in the same or adjacent areas.
    • Documentary: a design based on a document, an old paper, or a fabric dating from an earlier century.
    • Double-cut wallpaper seam: an installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped, and a cut is made through the center of the overlapped seam.

    Printing and Materials

    • Flexography: a printing process using a rubber surface, cut in relief.
    • Flocks: finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper.
    • Foils: a thin sheet of flexible metal on paper, transparent or opaque color.
    • Gaufraines: paper printed from copper plates, leaving the design slightly impressed.
    • Gilding: achieved by printing an adhesive to the areas that are to receive the metal dust.

    Wallpaper Installation and Finishing

    • Hand-blocked: a process of printing with blocks, in which a separate block is needed for each color.
    • Handprints: produced by hand screening or having a thin metallic glaze.
    • Lusters: powdered over with ground up paints.
    • Matching: wallpaper pattern matches, including random match, straight match, and drop match.

    Wallpaper Types and Features

    • Murals: any kind of wall painting printed on paper.
    • Overlapping: where one length encroaches on the next, caused by poor workmanship.
    • Overstretch: where the paper is poorly matched, creased, polished, or embossed papers are flattened.

    Materials of Decoration

    • Abrasion resistance: the ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction.
    • Adhesion: the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces.
    • Admixture: a material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar.
    • Agglomerate: granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag.

    Walls and Surface Finishing

    • Ashlar: masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean-cut jointing.
    • Backing: any material used as a base over which a finished material is to be installed.
    • Batten: a narrow wood strip used to cover joints between boards or panels.
    • Battered: a wall that slopes backward as it rises from the ground.

    Ceramics and Tile

    • Bisque cracks: any fractures in the body of a tile, visible both on the face and back.
    • Ceramic: a wall faced with assorted shapes and sizes of ceramic or terra cotta tiles.
    • Encaustic: tile decorated with colored clays inlaid and fired.

    Plastering and Ornamentation

    • Plaster: a mixture of lime, sand, and water, sometimes with hair or other fiber added.
    • Plasticizer: a material that increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture.
    • Porphyry: a rock composed of crystals or white or red feldspar in a red ground mass.
    • Prestige wall: the prominent or accent wall.

    Ornamentation and Decorative Elements

    • Acanthus leaves: a stylized leaf motif, one of the primary decorative elements of classical architecture.
    • Anthemion: a decorative motif resembling a conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals.
    • Arabesque: a Moorish design or scrollwork, leaves, flowers, and interlaced branches.
    • Atlante: a full or half male figure used instead of a column or in place of a furniture leg.

    Architectural Elements

    • Baseboard: a board placed at the base of a wall and rests on the floor.
    • Beading: a decorative strip or molding that resembles a string of beads.
    • Bevel: the edge of any flat surface that has been cut at a slant to the main area.
    • Bullnose: the rounding of an edge or aris.

    Furniture and Decorative Elements

    • C and S scrolls: motifs that emulate the letters c and s, characteristic of the Rococo style.
    • Cartouche: a form of an unrolled scroll with an oval center and having pierced, curled edges.
    • Caryatid: a column carved in human form, used as a supporting motif in an architectural composition.
    • Cavetto: a molding of concave form, approximating a quarter circle.### Decorative Elements
    • Oystering: A technique that uses veneers cut from walnut, olive-wood, and fruit woods to resemble oyster shells.
    • Patera: A flat circle or oval containing acanthus leaves in a rosette arrangement, often enriched with ornamentation.
    • Pendant: A boss elongated to hang down from the intersection of coffers in ceilings or tables.
    • Papier-Mache: A compound of paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with paste or glue to be molded into various shapes.

    Materials of Decoration

    • Reeding: A long, semi-cylindrical, stem-like form used to enrich moldings.
    • Rosette: An ornamental motif formed by a series of leaves arranged around a central point, often conventionalized.
    • Saltier: An x-pattern used as an ornament.
    • Scallop Shell: A semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point, commonly used in furniture design during the Queen Anne period.
    • Scroll: A parchment roll used as an ornament, often used in scroll pediments.
    • Seaweed: A motif used in marquetry, also known as endive.
    • Sphinx: A figure having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion.
    • Strapwork: Interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork.
    • Tracery: Stonework formed in the head of a Gothic window, often applied to doors or wood panels.
    • Tree-of-Life Pattern: A pattern resembling a tree or vine, showing branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals, originating in ancient Assyria.
    • Trefoil: A three-lobed ornamentation resembling a clover.
    • Trim: Millwork around openings such as windows and doors, usually called casings.
    • Torus: A convex semi-circular molding.
    • Vignettes: Ornamental motifs, patterns, or portraits centered on a large field.
    • Vitruvian Scroll: A peculiar pattern of scrollwork consisting of convolved undulations, also known as the Wave Pattern.
    • Volute: A spiral scroll forming the principal characteristics of the Ionic capital.
    • Wainscot: A wooden lining for interior walls, usually paneled.
    • Waterleaf: A conventionalized leaf pattern of classical origin used to enrich a cyma reversa molding, also known as the Leaf and Dart pattern.
    • Wreath: A decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material.

    Glossary of Terms for Paint

    • Acrylic: A general class of resinous polymers derived from esters, amides, or other acrylic acid derivatives.
    • Alkali Resistant: Paint used on new plaster, durable in contact with lime.
    • Anchoring: Mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface, contrasting with adhesion, which is chemical bonding.
    • Anti-Corrosive Paint: Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion.
    • Anti-Fungus Paints: Paints containing toxic compounds that kill fungi, sometimes with a fungicide added.
    • Anti-Slip Paint: Paint containing a grit that forms a grippable surface, breaking the tension of water.

    Painting Techniques

    • Antiquing: Artificially aging paint by rubbing over the new paint with a darker glaze or color wash.
    • Bamboing: Imitating bamboo by painting turned or carved wood to copy the bamboo knots and grain, then decorating it.
    • Crackle Glaze Paint: Creates a cobweb look by applying a crackle glaze between two water-based coats of differing colors.
    • Craquelure: A process that imitates the crazing of very old varnish by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates.
    • Distemper: A type of paint made by mixing pigment with glue or size, now largely superseded by emulsion paints.
    • Distressing: Making a finish look older than it really is or time-worn and rugged.
    • Fresco: A method of painting on wet plaster with tempera colors, becoming hard and durable when dry.
    • Gilding: Applying a gold finish, either by applying gold leaf or using metallic powders.
    • Glazing Compound: Putty used to set glass in window frames and fill nail holes and cracks.
    • Graining: A painted imitation of the fiber lines of wood.
    • Grain Raising: Swelling and standing up of the wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents.
    • Japanning: A type of varnishing that imitates the lacquering work from the East.
    • Lacquer: A glossy type of paint finish, usually applied by spraying.
    • Lacquering (Japanning): Layering numerous coats of varnish, sanding in between coats, to create a smooth, lustrous effect.
    • Negative Stencil: Passing paint through the voids that surround the design.
    • Primer: The first coat of paint applied to a raw surface, providing adhesion for subsequent coats and preventing corrosion and chemical attack.
    • Rivelling: Wrinkles occurring in the paint film as it dries, caused by applying paint too thickly.
    • Thinners: Solvents used to thin coatings.

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    Learn about common terms used in the wallpaper industry, including adhesive stains, appliques, bleeding, and more.

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