Glossary of Terms for Wallpaper

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Questions and Answers

What does abrasion resistance refer to?

Ability to resist chemical corrosion

Ability to resist electrical conductivity

Ability to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction (correct)

Ability to resist temperature changes

Which of the following describes an 'Accelerator'?

Increases the water content of concrete

Slows down the hydration of hydraulic cement

Increases the rate of hardening and strength development (correct)

Increases the viscosity of concrete

What is referred to as an 'Admixture'?

A type of finishing plaster

A substance that decreases the bonding strength

A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement added during mixing (correct)

A method of applying paint

Which statement best describes 'Agglomerate'?

Granular material used with a cementing medium to form concrete or mortar Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Alkali' in the context of wall materials?

A substance that neutralizes acids to form neutral salts Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ashlar' refer to in masonry?

Masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean-cut jointing Signup and view all the answers

Which material can be described as pliant and used as wall covering?

Applied materials like cork, fabric, or vinyl Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Photomural'?

An enlarged photograph used as a mural on the wall Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'Starch Paste' consist of?

Made from maize, corn, potato, or wheat in powdered form Signup and view all the answers

What feature does 'Vinyls' provide for wall coverings?

Renders the paper impervious to steam and damp Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'BOND' refer to in the context of decoration materials?

The adherence of one material to another. Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes BUTTONBACK TILE?

It has projections on the bondable side. Signup and view all the answers

Which material is defined as a soft, plastic material used for sealing joints in buildings?

Caulking compound Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'LIVE LOAD' in the context of building materials?

The moving load or variable weight to which a building is subjected Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of BUTYL RUBBER?

Resistance to water and gas absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a French wood-paneled wall?

Boiserie Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'CURTAIN WALL'?

A thin wall supported by the structural frame of the building Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ETCHINGS' referred to in decoration materials?

Prints from a copper plate Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does a 'GRILLE' serve as a decoration material?

Lattice or trellis openwork screen Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the thin supporting wall cladding a building?

Cladding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a corner block?

To create a junction between sides and head strips Signup and view all the answers

Which decoration is known for its formalized bunch of leaves carved at intervals?

Crocket Signup and view all the answers

What design is described as a repeating pattern without definite limits?

Diaper Pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is a cyma reversa curve characterized by?

Starting and ending vertically Signup and view all the answers

Which ornament is shaped like a five-leaved clover?

Cinquefoil Signup and view all the answers

What type of design element consists of parallel concave grooves?

Flutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an ornamental sunken panel typically found in ceilings or vaults?

Coffer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a fillet in architectural design?

To separate larger moldings or areas Signup and view all the answers

What is plywood made up of?

Thin layers or plies of timber bonded together Signup and view all the answers

What does a pilaster resemble?

A rectangular shaft built into a wall Signup and view all the answers

Which material is used for the first coat of plaster or stucco?

Scratch Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small cube of stone, glass, or marble used in making mosaics?

Tessera Signup and view all the answers

What is veneer match?

Patterns created by placing thin slices of wood together featuring the grain in various combinations Signup and view all the answers

What is a trumeau?

A decorative treatment of the space over a mantel, door, or window Signup and view all the answers

What increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture?

Plasticizer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum interval during which a material may be stored and remain in a usable condition?

Shelf life Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a permanent, fixed, and changeless state?

Permanent Signup and view all the answers

What is an anthemion?

A conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals used as a decorative motif Signup and view all the answers

What is a Gargoyle primarily used for?

As a water spout. Signup and view all the answers

Which form is used to top a Gaine?

A topless female half-figure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Linenfold' refer to?

A panel resembling folded cloth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a 'Herm'?

A squared stone pillar with a male head used in ancient Greece. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Guilloche'?

A band or border with overlapping circular forms. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ormolu' refer to?

A variety of brass made to imitate gold or bronze. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a crescent or half-moon form?

Lunette Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Patera' usually contain?

A flat circle or oval with acanthus leaves. Signup and view all the answers

Which decorative motif is a semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point at the bottom?

Scallop Shell Signup and view all the answers

What decorative element consists of enriched interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork?

Strapwork Signup and view all the answers

Which motif features a decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material?

Wreath Signup and view all the answers

Which design pattern is also known as the Wave Pattern?

Vitruvian Scroll Signup and view all the answers

Which element is commonly used as marquetry in furniture panes?

Seaweed Signup and view all the answers

Which motif is characterized by having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion?

Sphinx Signup and view all the answers

What is a convex semi-circular molding called?

Torus Signup and view all the answers

Which decorative motif resembles a tree or vine with branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals?

Tree-of-Life Pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for stains appearing on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling?

Adhesive Stains Signup and view all the answers

What term describes finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper?

Flocks Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to wallpaper designs that memorialize a historic event?

Commemorative Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Ground' in the context of wallpaper?

Raw stock in which a coat of pigment is applied before the top colors Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Double-Cut Wallpaper Seam' refer to?

An installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped and cut through the center Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for paper with a thin sheet of flexible metal on it?

Foils Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the appearance of one color bleeding into another?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gilding' mean in the context of wallpaper?

Thin metallic particles applied to the paper surface Signup and view all the answers

Which decoration involves tortoiseshell, ivory, mother-of-pearl and metals as inlay to ornament cabinetwork?

Boulle Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of anything originally right-angled?

Chamfer Signup and view all the answers

Which design element is generally made of plaster and fixed to the center of a ceiling, often with a pendant light fitting?

Ceiling Rose Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a full or half male figure used in place of a column or furniture leg?

Atlante Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by motifs that emulate the letters 'C' and 'S', often used in Rococo style?

C and S Scrolls Signup and view all the answers

Which decorative strip or moulding resembles a string of beads and is found on furniture, silver, and glassware?

Beading Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Arabesque' in decoration?

A symmetrical horizontal composition of intertwining leaves and flowers. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a molding of concave form approximating a quarter circle?

Cavetto Signup and view all the answers

Which material technique involves painting on wet plaster?

Fresco Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a primer in painting?

To provide adhesion for the remaining coats of paint Signup and view all the answers

What is grain raising?

Swelling and standing up of wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves creating a smooth lustrous effect by layering numerous coats of varnish?

Lacquering (Japanning) Signup and view all the answers

Which material technique uses putty to set glass in window frames?

Glazing Compound Signup and view all the answers

What does gilding achieve?

A gold finish Signup and view all the answers

What is rivelling?

Wrinkles occurring in the paint film as it dries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of thinners in painting?

To thin coatings Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of anti-corrosive paint?

To inhibit corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for bubbles or blisters forming in the paint film due to water vapor?

Blistering Signup and view all the answers

Which paint technique involves applying a diluted layer of paint over a base coat for a glimpse of color?

Colorwash Signup and view all the answers

What is achieved by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates, resulting in a finer crazing than crackle glaze?

Craquelure Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface?

Anchoring Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where a finish is made to look older or time-worn?

Distressing Signup and view all the answers

Which paint contains grit to form a grippable surface?

Anti-slip paint Signup and view all the answers

Which paint method imitates old peeling paint by producing cracks on the top layer?

Crackle glaze paint Signup and view all the answers

What term means the powdery deposit formed on a dry paint film surface due to insufficient sealing?

Chalking Signup and view all the answers

Which type of paint is largely superseded by emulsion paints?

Distemper Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glossary of Terms for Wallpaper

Adhesive stains: stains on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling.
Appliques: figures cut from paper and laid on to another paper.
Bleeding: the appearance of one color to another.
Allovers: floral foliage or scroll patterns, covering the entire paper.
Blisters or bubbles: air pockets trapped behind the paper, caused by under soaking or not evenly brushing paste.

Design and Patterns

Color run: the amount of rolls produced of a single color combination at one time.
Commemorative: designs that memorialize a historic event.
Companion papers: a set of designs and colors to be used together in the same or adjacent areas.
Documentary: a design based on a document, an old paper, or a fabric dating from an earlier century.
Double-cut wallpaper seam: an installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped, and a cut is made through the center of the overlapped seam.

Printing and Materials

Flexography: a printing process using a rubber surface, cut in relief.
Flocks: finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper.
Foils: a thin sheet of flexible metal on paper, transparent or opaque color.
Gaufraines: paper printed from copper plates, leaving the design slightly impressed.
Gilding: achieved by printing an adhesive to the areas that are to receive the metal dust.

Wallpaper Installation and Finishing

Hand-blocked: a process of printing with blocks, in which a separate block is needed for each color.
Handprints: produced by hand screening or having a thin metallic glaze.
Lusters: powdered over with ground up paints.
Matching: wallpaper pattern matches, including random match, straight match, and drop match.

Wallpaper Types and Features

Murals: any kind of wall painting printed on paper.
Overlapping: where one length encroaches on the next, caused by poor workmanship.
Overstretch: where the paper is poorly matched, creased, polished, or embossed papers are flattened.

Materials of Decoration

Abrasion resistance: the ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction.
Adhesion: the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces.
Admixture: a material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar.
Agglomerate: granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag.

Walls and Surface Finishing

Ashlar: masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean-cut jointing.
Backing: any material used as a base over which a finished material is to be installed.
Batten: a narrow wood strip used to cover joints between boards or panels.
Battered: a wall that slopes backward as it rises from the ground.

Ceramics and Tile

Bisque cracks: any fractures in the body of a tile, visible both on the face and back.
Ceramic: a wall faced with assorted shapes and sizes of ceramic or terra cotta tiles.
Encaustic: tile decorated with colored clays inlaid and fired.

Plastering and Ornamentation

Plaster: a mixture of lime, sand, and water, sometimes with hair or other fiber added.
Plasticizer: a material that increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture.
Porphyry: a rock composed of crystals or white or red feldspar in a red ground mass.
Prestige wall: the prominent or accent wall.

Ornamentation and Decorative Elements

Acanthus leaves: a stylized leaf motif, one of the primary decorative elements of classical architecture.
Anthemion: a decorative motif resembling a conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals.
Arabesque: a Moorish design or scrollwork, leaves, flowers, and interlaced branches.
Atlante: a full or half male figure used instead of a column or in place of a furniture leg.

Architectural Elements

Baseboard: a board placed at the base of a wall and rests on the floor.
Beading: a decorative strip or molding that resembles a string of beads.
Bevel: the edge of any flat surface that has been cut at a slant to the main area.
Bullnose: the rounding of an edge or aris.

Furniture and Decorative Elements

C and S scrolls: motifs that emulate the letters c and s, characteristic of the Rococo style.
Cartouche: a form of an unrolled scroll with an oval center and having pierced, curled edges.
Caryatid: a column carved in human form, used as a supporting motif in an architectural composition.
Cavetto: a molding of concave form, approximating a quarter circle.### Decorative Elements
Oystering: A technique that uses veneers cut from walnut, olive-wood, and fruit woods to resemble oyster shells.
Patera: A flat circle or oval containing acanthus leaves in a rosette arrangement, often enriched with ornamentation.
Pendant: A boss elongated to hang down from the intersection of coffers in ceilings or tables.
Papier-Mache: A compound of paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with paste or glue to be molded into various shapes.

Materials of Decoration

Reeding: A long, semi-cylindrical, stem-like form used to enrich moldings.
Rosette: An ornamental motif formed by a series of leaves arranged around a central point, often conventionalized.
Saltier: An x-pattern used as an ornament.
Scallop Shell: A semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point, commonly used in furniture design during the Queen Anne period.
Scroll: A parchment roll used as an ornament, often used in scroll pediments.
Seaweed: A motif used in marquetry, also known as endive.
Sphinx: A figure having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion.
Strapwork: Interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork.
Tracery: Stonework formed in the head of a Gothic window, often applied to doors or wood panels.
Tree-of-Life Pattern: A pattern resembling a tree or vine, showing branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals, originating in ancient Assyria.
Trefoil: A three-lobed ornamentation resembling a clover.
Trim: Millwork around openings such as windows and doors, usually called casings.
Torus: A convex semi-circular molding.
Vignettes: Ornamental motifs, patterns, or portraits centered on a large field.
Vitruvian Scroll: A peculiar pattern of scrollwork consisting of convolved undulations, also known as the Wave Pattern.
Volute: A spiral scroll forming the principal characteristics of the Ionic capital.
Wainscot: A wooden lining for interior walls, usually paneled.
Waterleaf: A conventionalized leaf pattern of classical origin used to enrich a cyma reversa molding, also known as the Leaf and Dart pattern.
Wreath: A decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material.

Glossary of Terms for Paint

Acrylic: A general class of resinous polymers derived from esters, amides, or other acrylic acid derivatives.
Alkali Resistant: Paint used on new plaster, durable in contact with lime.
Anchoring: Mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface, contrasting with adhesion, which is chemical bonding.
Anti-Corrosive Paint: Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion.
Anti-Fungus Paints: Paints containing toxic compounds that kill fungi, sometimes with a fungicide added.
Anti-Slip Paint: Paint containing a grit that forms a grippable surface, breaking the tension of water.

Painting Techniques

Antiquing: Artificially aging paint by rubbing over the new paint with a darker glaze or color wash.
Bamboing: Imitating bamboo by painting turned or carved wood to copy the bamboo knots and grain, then decorating it.
Crackle Glaze Paint: Creates a cobweb look by applying a crackle glaze between two water-based coats of differing colors.
Craquelure: A process that imitates the crazing of very old varnish by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates.
Distemper: A type of paint made by mixing pigment with glue or size, now largely superseded by emulsion paints.
Distressing: Making a finish look older than it really is or time-worn and rugged.
Fresco: A method of painting on wet plaster with tempera colors, becoming hard and durable when dry.
Gilding: Applying a gold finish, either by applying gold leaf or using metallic powders.
Glazing Compound: Putty used to set glass in window frames and fill nail holes and cracks.
Graining: A painted imitation of the fiber lines of wood.
Grain Raising: Swelling and standing up of the wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents.
Japanning: A type of varnishing that imitates the lacquering work from the East.
Lacquer: A glossy type of paint finish, usually applied by spraying.
Lacquering (Japanning): Layering numerous coats of varnish, sanding in between coats, to create a smooth, lustrous effect.
Negative Stencil: Passing paint through the voids that surround the design.
Primer: The first coat of paint applied to a raw surface, providing adhesion for subsequent coats and preventing corrosion and chemical attack.
Rivelling: Wrinkles occurring in the paint film as it dries, caused by applying paint too thickly.
Thinners: Solvents used to thin coatings.

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Description

Learn about common terms used in the wallpaper industry, including adhesive stains, appliques, bleeding, and more.