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Questions and Answers
What does abrasion resistance refer to?
What does abrasion resistance refer to?
Which of the following describes an 'Accelerator'?
Which of the following describes an 'Accelerator'?
What is referred to as an 'Admixture'?
What is referred to as an 'Admixture'?
Which statement best describes 'Agglomerate'?
Which statement best describes 'Agglomerate'?
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What is 'Alkali' in the context of wall materials?
What is 'Alkali' in the context of wall materials?
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What does 'Ashlar' refer to in masonry?
What does 'Ashlar' refer to in masonry?
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Which material can be described as pliant and used as wall covering?
Which material can be described as pliant and used as wall covering?
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What is a 'Photomural'?
What is a 'Photomural'?
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What does a 'Starch Paste' consist of?
What does a 'Starch Paste' consist of?
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What feature does 'Vinyls' provide for wall coverings?
What feature does 'Vinyls' provide for wall coverings?
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What does the term 'BOND' refer to in the context of decoration materials?
What does the term 'BOND' refer to in the context of decoration materials?
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What feature characterizes BUTTONBACK TILE?
What feature characterizes BUTTONBACK TILE?
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Which material is defined as a soft, plastic material used for sealing joints in buildings?
Which material is defined as a soft, plastic material used for sealing joints in buildings?
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What is a 'LIVE LOAD' in the context of building materials?
What is a 'LIVE LOAD' in the context of building materials?
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What is the primary characteristic of BUTYL RUBBER?
What is the primary characteristic of BUTYL RUBBER?
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Which term describes a French wood-paneled wall?
Which term describes a French wood-paneled wall?
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What is a 'CURTAIN WALL'?
What is a 'CURTAIN WALL'?
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What is 'ETCHINGS' referred to in decoration materials?
What is 'ETCHINGS' referred to in decoration materials?
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What purpose does a 'GRILLE' serve as a decoration material?
What purpose does a 'GRILLE' serve as a decoration material?
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What term describes the thin supporting wall cladding a building?
What term describes the thin supporting wall cladding a building?
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What is the purpose of a corner block?
What is the purpose of a corner block?
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Which decoration is known for its formalized bunch of leaves carved at intervals?
Which decoration is known for its formalized bunch of leaves carved at intervals?
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What design is described as a repeating pattern without definite limits?
What design is described as a repeating pattern without definite limits?
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What is a cyma reversa curve characterized by?
What is a cyma reversa curve characterized by?
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Which ornament is shaped like a five-leaved clover?
Which ornament is shaped like a five-leaved clover?
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What type of design element consists of parallel concave grooves?
What type of design element consists of parallel concave grooves?
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Which of these is an ornamental sunken panel typically found in ceilings or vaults?
Which of these is an ornamental sunken panel typically found in ceilings or vaults?
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What is the purpose of a fillet in architectural design?
What is the purpose of a fillet in architectural design?
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What is plywood made up of?
What is plywood made up of?
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What does a pilaster resemble?
What does a pilaster resemble?
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Which material is used for the first coat of plaster or stucco?
Which material is used for the first coat of plaster or stucco?
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What is the term for a small cube of stone, glass, or marble used in making mosaics?
What is the term for a small cube of stone, glass, or marble used in making mosaics?
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What is veneer match?
What is veneer match?
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What is a trumeau?
What is a trumeau?
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What increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture?
What increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture?
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What is the term for the maximum interval during which a material may be stored and remain in a usable condition?
What is the term for the maximum interval during which a material may be stored and remain in a usable condition?
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Which term describes a permanent, fixed, and changeless state?
Which term describes a permanent, fixed, and changeless state?
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What is an anthemion?
What is an anthemion?
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What is a Gargoyle primarily used for?
What is a Gargoyle primarily used for?
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Which form is used to top a Gaine?
Which form is used to top a Gaine?
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What does the term 'Linenfold' refer to?
What does the term 'Linenfold' refer to?
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Which of the following describes a 'Herm'?
Which of the following describes a 'Herm'?
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What is a 'Guilloche'?
What is a 'Guilloche'?
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What does 'Ormolu' refer to?
What does 'Ormolu' refer to?
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Which term describes a crescent or half-moon form?
Which term describes a crescent or half-moon form?
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What does 'Patera' usually contain?
What does 'Patera' usually contain?
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Which decorative motif is a semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point at the bottom?
Which decorative motif is a semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point at the bottom?
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What decorative element consists of enriched interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork?
What decorative element consists of enriched interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork?
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Which motif features a decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material?
Which motif features a decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material?
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Which design pattern is also known as the Wave Pattern?
Which design pattern is also known as the Wave Pattern?
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Which element is commonly used as marquetry in furniture panes?
Which element is commonly used as marquetry in furniture panes?
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Which motif is characterized by having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion?
Which motif is characterized by having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion?
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What is a convex semi-circular molding called?
What is a convex semi-circular molding called?
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Which decorative motif resembles a tree or vine with branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals?
Which decorative motif resembles a tree or vine with branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals?
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What is the term for stains appearing on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling?
What is the term for stains appearing on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling?
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What term describes finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper?
What term describes finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper?
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Which term refers to wallpaper designs that memorialize a historic event?
Which term refers to wallpaper designs that memorialize a historic event?
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What is the definition of 'Ground' in the context of wallpaper?
What is the definition of 'Ground' in the context of wallpaper?
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What does the term 'Double-Cut Wallpaper Seam' refer to?
What does the term 'Double-Cut Wallpaper Seam' refer to?
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What is the term used for paper with a thin sheet of flexible metal on it?
What is the term used for paper with a thin sheet of flexible metal on it?
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Which term refers to the appearance of one color bleeding into another?
Which term refers to the appearance of one color bleeding into another?
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What does the term 'Gilding' mean in the context of wallpaper?
What does the term 'Gilding' mean in the context of wallpaper?
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Which decoration involves tortoiseshell, ivory, mother-of-pearl and metals as inlay to ornament cabinetwork?
Which decoration involves tortoiseshell, ivory, mother-of-pearl and metals as inlay to ornament cabinetwork?
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Which term refers to a bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of anything originally right-angled?
Which term refers to a bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of anything originally right-angled?
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Which design element is generally made of plaster and fixed to the center of a ceiling, often with a pendant light fitting?
Which design element is generally made of plaster and fixed to the center of a ceiling, often with a pendant light fitting?
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Which term describes a full or half male figure used in place of a column or furniture leg?
Which term describes a full or half male figure used in place of a column or furniture leg?
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What is characterized by motifs that emulate the letters 'C' and 'S', often used in Rococo style?
What is characterized by motifs that emulate the letters 'C' and 'S', often used in Rococo style?
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Which decorative strip or moulding resembles a string of beads and is found on furniture, silver, and glassware?
Which decorative strip or moulding resembles a string of beads and is found on furniture, silver, and glassware?
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What is the definition of 'Arabesque' in decoration?
What is the definition of 'Arabesque' in decoration?
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Which term describes a molding of concave form approximating a quarter circle?
Which term describes a molding of concave form approximating a quarter circle?
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Which material technique involves painting on wet plaster?
Which material technique involves painting on wet plaster?
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What is the purpose of a primer in painting?
What is the purpose of a primer in painting?
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What is grain raising?
What is grain raising?
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Which method involves creating a smooth lustrous effect by layering numerous coats of varnish?
Which method involves creating a smooth lustrous effect by layering numerous coats of varnish?
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Which material technique uses putty to set glass in window frames?
Which material technique uses putty to set glass in window frames?
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What does gilding achieve?
What does gilding achieve?
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What is rivelling?
What is rivelling?
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What is the primary use of thinners in painting?
What is the primary use of thinners in painting?
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What is the main purpose of anti-corrosive paint?
What is the main purpose of anti-corrosive paint?
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What is the term used for bubbles or blisters forming in the paint film due to water vapor?
What is the term used for bubbles or blisters forming in the paint film due to water vapor?
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Which paint technique involves applying a diluted layer of paint over a base coat for a glimpse of color?
Which paint technique involves applying a diluted layer of paint over a base coat for a glimpse of color?
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What is achieved by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates, resulting in a finer crazing than crackle glaze?
What is achieved by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates, resulting in a finer crazing than crackle glaze?
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Which term refers to the mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface?
Which term refers to the mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface?
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What is the process called where a finish is made to look older or time-worn?
What is the process called where a finish is made to look older or time-worn?
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Which paint contains grit to form a grippable surface?
Which paint contains grit to form a grippable surface?
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Which paint method imitates old peeling paint by producing cracks on the top layer?
Which paint method imitates old peeling paint by producing cracks on the top layer?
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What term means the powdery deposit formed on a dry paint film surface due to insufficient sealing?
What term means the powdery deposit formed on a dry paint film surface due to insufficient sealing?
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Which type of paint is largely superseded by emulsion paints?
Which type of paint is largely superseded by emulsion paints?
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Study Notes
Glossary of Terms for Wallpaper
- Adhesive stains: stains on the paper face caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling.
- Appliques: figures cut from paper and laid on to another paper.
- Bleeding: the appearance of one color to another.
- Allovers: floral foliage or scroll patterns, covering the entire paper.
- Blisters or bubbles: air pockets trapped behind the paper, caused by under soaking or not evenly brushing paste.
Design and Patterns
- Color run: the amount of rolls produced of a single color combination at one time.
- Commemorative: designs that memorialize a historic event.
- Companion papers: a set of designs and colors to be used together in the same or adjacent areas.
- Documentary: a design based on a document, an old paper, or a fabric dating from an earlier century.
- Double-cut wallpaper seam: an installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped, and a cut is made through the center of the overlapped seam.
Printing and Materials
- Flexography: a printing process using a rubber surface, cut in relief.
- Flocks: finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper.
- Foils: a thin sheet of flexible metal on paper, transparent or opaque color.
- Gaufraines: paper printed from copper plates, leaving the design slightly impressed.
- Gilding: achieved by printing an adhesive to the areas that are to receive the metal dust.
Wallpaper Installation and Finishing
- Hand-blocked: a process of printing with blocks, in which a separate block is needed for each color.
- Handprints: produced by hand screening or having a thin metallic glaze.
- Lusters: powdered over with ground up paints.
- Matching: wallpaper pattern matches, including random match, straight match, and drop match.
Wallpaper Types and Features
- Murals: any kind of wall painting printed on paper.
- Overlapping: where one length encroaches on the next, caused by poor workmanship.
- Overstretch: where the paper is poorly matched, creased, polished, or embossed papers are flattened.
Materials of Decoration
- Abrasion resistance: the ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction.
- Adhesion: the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces.
- Admixture: a material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar.
- Agglomerate: granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag.
Walls and Surface Finishing
- Ashlar: masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean-cut jointing.
- Backing: any material used as a base over which a finished material is to be installed.
- Batten: a narrow wood strip used to cover joints between boards or panels.
- Battered: a wall that slopes backward as it rises from the ground.
Ceramics and Tile
- Bisque cracks: any fractures in the body of a tile, visible both on the face and back.
- Ceramic: a wall faced with assorted shapes and sizes of ceramic or terra cotta tiles.
- Encaustic: tile decorated with colored clays inlaid and fired.
Plastering and Ornamentation
- Plaster: a mixture of lime, sand, and water, sometimes with hair or other fiber added.
- Plasticizer: a material that increases the plasticity of a cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixture.
- Porphyry: a rock composed of crystals or white or red feldspar in a red ground mass.
- Prestige wall: the prominent or accent wall.
Ornamentation and Decorative Elements
- Acanthus leaves: a stylized leaf motif, one of the primary decorative elements of classical architecture.
- Anthemion: a decorative motif resembling a conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals.
- Arabesque: a Moorish design or scrollwork, leaves, flowers, and interlaced branches.
- Atlante: a full or half male figure used instead of a column or in place of a furniture leg.
Architectural Elements
- Baseboard: a board placed at the base of a wall and rests on the floor.
- Beading: a decorative strip or molding that resembles a string of beads.
- Bevel: the edge of any flat surface that has been cut at a slant to the main area.
- Bullnose: the rounding of an edge or aris.
Furniture and Decorative Elements
- C and S scrolls: motifs that emulate the letters c and s, characteristic of the Rococo style.
- Cartouche: a form of an unrolled scroll with an oval center and having pierced, curled edges.
- Caryatid: a column carved in human form, used as a supporting motif in an architectural composition.
- Cavetto: a molding of concave form, approximating a quarter circle.### Decorative Elements
- Oystering: A technique that uses veneers cut from walnut, olive-wood, and fruit woods to resemble oyster shells.
- Patera: A flat circle or oval containing acanthus leaves in a rosette arrangement, often enriched with ornamentation.
- Pendant: A boss elongated to hang down from the intersection of coffers in ceilings or tables.
- Papier-Mache: A compound of paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with paste or glue to be molded into various shapes.
Materials of Decoration
- Reeding: A long, semi-cylindrical, stem-like form used to enrich moldings.
- Rosette: An ornamental motif formed by a series of leaves arranged around a central point, often conventionalized.
- Saltier: An x-pattern used as an ornament.
- Scallop Shell: A semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point, commonly used in furniture design during the Queen Anne period.
- Scroll: A parchment roll used as an ornament, often used in scroll pediments.
- Seaweed: A motif used in marquetry, also known as endive.
- Sphinx: A figure having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion.
- Strapwork: Interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork.
- Tracery: Stonework formed in the head of a Gothic window, often applied to doors or wood panels.
- Tree-of-Life Pattern: A pattern resembling a tree or vine, showing branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals, originating in ancient Assyria.
- Trefoil: A three-lobed ornamentation resembling a clover.
- Trim: Millwork around openings such as windows and doors, usually called casings.
- Torus: A convex semi-circular molding.
- Vignettes: Ornamental motifs, patterns, or portraits centered on a large field.
- Vitruvian Scroll: A peculiar pattern of scrollwork consisting of convolved undulations, also known as the Wave Pattern.
- Volute: A spiral scroll forming the principal characteristics of the Ionic capital.
- Wainscot: A wooden lining for interior walls, usually paneled.
- Waterleaf: A conventionalized leaf pattern of classical origin used to enrich a cyma reversa molding, also known as the Leaf and Dart pattern.
- Wreath: A decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material.
Glossary of Terms for Paint
- Acrylic: A general class of resinous polymers derived from esters, amides, or other acrylic acid derivatives.
- Alkali Resistant: Paint used on new plaster, durable in contact with lime.
- Anchoring: Mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface, contrasting with adhesion, which is chemical bonding.
- Anti-Corrosive Paint: Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion.
- Anti-Fungus Paints: Paints containing toxic compounds that kill fungi, sometimes with a fungicide added.
- Anti-Slip Paint: Paint containing a grit that forms a grippable surface, breaking the tension of water.
Painting Techniques
- Antiquing: Artificially aging paint by rubbing over the new paint with a darker glaze or color wash.
- Bamboing: Imitating bamboo by painting turned or carved wood to copy the bamboo knots and grain, then decorating it.
- Crackle Glaze Paint: Creates a cobweb look by applying a crackle glaze between two water-based coats of differing colors.
- Craquelure: A process that imitates the crazing of very old varnish by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates.
- Distemper: A type of paint made by mixing pigment with glue or size, now largely superseded by emulsion paints.
- Distressing: Making a finish look older than it really is or time-worn and rugged.
- Fresco: A method of painting on wet plaster with tempera colors, becoming hard and durable when dry.
- Gilding: Applying a gold finish, either by applying gold leaf or using metallic powders.
- Glazing Compound: Putty used to set glass in window frames and fill nail holes and cracks.
- Graining: A painted imitation of the fiber lines of wood.
- Grain Raising: Swelling and standing up of the wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents.
- Japanning: A type of varnishing that imitates the lacquering work from the East.
- Lacquer: A glossy type of paint finish, usually applied by spraying.
- Lacquering (Japanning): Layering numerous coats of varnish, sanding in between coats, to create a smooth, lustrous effect.
- Negative Stencil: Passing paint through the voids that surround the design.
- Primer: The first coat of paint applied to a raw surface, providing adhesion for subsequent coats and preventing corrosion and chemical attack.
- Rivelling: Wrinkles occurring in the paint film as it dries, caused by applying paint too thickly.
- Thinners: Solvents used to thin coatings.
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Description
Learn about common terms used in the wallpaper industry, including adhesive stains, appliques, bleeding, and more.
