Globalization Overview and Timeline
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Questions and Answers

What is one example of cultural transcendence in globalization?

  • The formation of new national languages
  • The blending of cultural elements creating a global culture (correct)
  • The restriction of media consumption to local cultures
  • The promotion of isolationist policies

Which institution demonstrates the transcendence of national borders in trade?

  • Local small businesses
  • The World Trade Organization (WTO) (correct)
  • National governments
  • The World Bank

How has globalization affected traditional economic models?

  • By creating interconnected global economic systems (correct)
  • By encouraging isolation of markets
  • By limiting international trade agreements
  • By promoting self-sufficiency in local markets

Which of the following represents technological transcendence?

<p>The rise of the internet and social media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a global supply chain?

<p>Apple operating manufacturing in various countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a global culture?

<p>Cultural fusion leading to shared experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following highlights the influence of media in globalization?

<p>K-pop music spreading across continents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which empire played a crucial role in preserving classical knowledge during the medieval period?

<p>The Byzantine Empire (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Pax Mongolica?

<p>A period of peace that promoted trade across the Mongol Empire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way has social media contributed to globalization?

<p>By enabling instant global connections and knowledge-sharing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization was a central hub of knowledge during the Islamic Golden Age?

<p>Baghdad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one result of the Crusades in addition to military campaigns?

<p>Cultural exchanges between Europe and the Islamic world (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technological innovation from China significantly changed maritime navigation?

<p>The compass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the feudal system play in medieval Europe?

<p>It dominated social structure before urbanization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant product was commonly traded by Byzantine merchants?

<p>Silk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology from China fundamentally changed warfare in the medieval period?

<p>Gunpowder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of liberalism in modern democracy?

<p>Prevalence of fair elections and rule of law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do liberals advocate for international institutions like the United Nations?

<p>They see institutions as a way to support peace and cooperation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do realists view human nature and state behavior?

<p>Pessimistically, driven by self-interest and power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core idea underpins liberalism concerning international cooperation?

<p>Countries can collaborate to address common challenges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is most closely associated with realism?

<p>A strong emphasis on security and self-interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does liberalism emphasize as a fundamental threat to individual liberty?

<p>Concentrations of unaccountable violent power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with proposing liberalism in the 4th century?

<p>Dante Alighiere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an aristocracy?

<p>Power lies in the hands of a small, privileged class. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historic event did Woodrow Wilson play a significant role in promoting liberalism?

<p>The establishment of the League of Nations after WW1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the British aristocracy is true?

<p>Aristocrats have historically held hereditary titles in the UK. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a representative democracy?

<p>Citizens have the right to vote for elected officials to represent them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the executive branch of government?

<p>To implement and enforce laws. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?

<p>The legislative branch. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles does the judicial branch NOT fulfill?

<p>Implementing government policies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates a feature of democracy?

<p>Citizens vote for members of Congress in routine elections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role does NOT belong to the legislative branch?

<p>Enforcing laws through the military. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some consequences of the global spread of consumerism?

<p>Environmental challenges such as climate change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization affect religious beliefs?

<p>It facilitates the spread of religious ideas across borders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is an example of a global call for climate action?

<p>Fridays for Future (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way has globalization transformed economies?

<p>By establishing interconnected global markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'transformation' refer to in the context of globalization?

<p>Changes impacting how cultures understand the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of global capitalism?

<p>Economic activities span across borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which religious belief system has gained interest in Western countries?

<p>Buddhism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of multinational supply chains?

<p>Production processes can span across different countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Spanish galleons that began trading in 1565?

<p>To carry goods between the Spanish colonies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key commodity transported by Spanish galleons from the Americas to Asia?

<p>Silver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monetary system replaced the Era of Bimetallism between 1875 and 1914?

<p>Gold Standard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Era of Bimetallism, what does a 15:1 ratio signify?

<p>15 ounces of silver equivalent to 1 ounce of gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a belief associated with the Gold Standard?

<p>It would guarantee a stable business environment and effective machinery for trade. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the exchange rate of U.S. dollars to gold under the Gold Standard?

<p>$20.67 per ounce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period did the Galleon trade thrive before being phased out?

<p>1565 – 1815 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the galleon trade play in global commerce?

<p>It facilitated the flow of goods, culture, and ideas between East and West. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Byzantine Empire's role in trade

The Byzantine Empire facilitated trade among Europe, Asia, and Africa, primarily through the Mediterranean. They traded luxury goods like spices and silks.

Mongol Empire impact on trade

The Mongol Empire significantly increased trade across Eurasia under the 'Pax Mongolica', making travel safe and enhancing the Silk Road.

Islamic Golden Age's impact

Islamic scholars translated ancient texts, impacting future European understanding in science and intellectual thought.

Spread of Christianity

Christianity expanded throughout Europe, mostly in Northern and Eastern Europe, supported by missionaries and royal figures.

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Crusades' impact

The Crusades brought cultural exchange between Europe and the Islamic world, introducing European societies to Islamic advancements in diverse fields.

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Compass's impact on navigation

The Chinese compass, widely adopted in Europe, greatly enhanced maritime navigation and trade activities.

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Gunpowder's effect on warfare

Gunpowder, originating in China and reaching Europe, revolutionized warfare tactics and military outcomes.

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Feudal System & Urbanization

The feudal system in Europe, alongside increasing trade and guilds, led to urbanization and early capitalist economies.

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Environmental Policies

Rules and regulations related to environmental protection, practiced across countries.

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Globalization of Religion

The spread of religious beliefs and practices across borders, often through migration or communication.

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Transformation (Globalization)

Deep and often permanent changes in economies, cultures, societies, and politics due to interconnectedness.

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Global Markets

Interconnected markets where economic activity spans across borders.

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Global Capitalism

Economic system where production and consumption are worldwide, influencing economies globally.

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Supply Chains

Networks of businesses involved in producing and distributing goods, often spanning multiple countries.

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Environmental Challenges

Problems like climate change and resource depletion caused by industrial activity and consumerism.

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Fridays For Future

A global campaign for climate action, highlighting youth involvement to address climate change.

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Aristocracy

Rule by a small, privileged group with inherited power, wealth, and influence.

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House of Lords

The British Parliament's upper chamber, historically composed of aristocrats, though its influence has faded.

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Democracy

Rule by the people, where citizens have a say in government.

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Representative Democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

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Executive Branch

The part of government that enforces laws and manages the day-to-day affairs.

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Legislative Branch

The part of government that writes and approves laws.

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Judicial Branch

The part of government that interprets laws and makes sure they are applied fairly.

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Balance of Power

A system where no branch of government has absolute power, keeping each in check.

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Globalization's Impact

Globalization involves the interconnectedness of nations through various aspects like trade, culture, and technology, leading to a more interconnected world.

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International Institutions

Organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations (UN), and European Union (EU) promote cooperation between nations on global issues like trade and human rights.

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Cultural Fusion

Globalization blends cultural elements, leading to a global identity and shared experiences across countries.

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Global Culture

Globalization creates a shared culture influenced by various national cultures, leading to a sense of global identity.

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Global Economic System

Globalization connects national economies, leading to interconnected trade, production, and finance spread globally.

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Global Supply Chains

Globalization creates interconnected networks of production, where goods are made and transported across multiple countries.

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Technological Transcendence

The spread of technology, especially digital, transcends national boundaries, enabling global communication and access to information.

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Internet's Impact

The internet and social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter enable global communication, knowledge sharing, and collaboration, transcending physical and political boundaries.

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Realism (IR)

A school of thought in international relations that emphasizes competition and conflict as the primary drivers of interactions between states.

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Liberalism (IR)

A school of thought in international relations that emphasizes cooperation and interdependence to create a peaceful, stable international system.

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Dante Alighiere's 'Monarchy'

A 14th century work that promoted the idea of a universal, moral order based on reason and cooperation, a precursor to modern liberalism.

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Woodrow Wilson & League of Nations

A key figure in the establishment of the League of Nations after World War I, promoting international cooperation and a system of collective security.

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Liberalism & Democracy

Liberalism emphasizes individual rights and liberties, which are key components of a democratic system. 'Liberal democracy' is a term used to describe countries with fair elections and protected civil liberties.

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Liberalism & Individual Rights

Liberalism sees the well-being of individuals as the fundamental building block of a just political system, prioritizing individual rights to life, liberty, and property.

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Liberalism & Concentration of Power

Liberalism argues that concentrations of unaccountable violent power pose a fundamental threat to individual liberty and must be restrained through checks and balances.

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Realism & Human Nature

Realism holds a pessimistic view of human nature, believing that individuals and states are inherently self-interested and driven by a desire for power.

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Galleon Trade

A maritime trade route connecting the Philippines and Mexico using large Spanish ships called galleons. It transported valuable goods like silk, spices, porcelain, and silver between Asia and the Americas.

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International Monetary System

A set of rules and procedures for managing international payments, exchange rates, and capital flow.

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What is Bimetallism?

A monetary system where two metals, gold and silver, are used as the standard for defining currency value. The value is fixed in a specific ratio.

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Gold Standard

A monetary system where paper money is freely convertible into a fixed amount of gold.

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Convertibility in the Gold Standard

The ability to exchange national currencies for gold at a fixed rate.

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Gold Standard: Dollars to Gold

Dividing the dollar amount by the price of gold per ounce to determine the equivalent amount of gold.

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Gold Standard: Gold to Dollars

Multiplying the amount of gold by the price of gold per ounce to determine the equivalent dollar value.

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Gold Standard: U.S. Dollar Conversion

The U.S. dollar was convertible to gold at a fixed rate of $20.67 per ounce.

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Study Notes

Globalization

  • Refers to the process where people across large distances become interconnected in various ways.
  • Involves the movement of products, services, capital, technology, ideas, information, and cultures between nations.
  • Rooted in interconnectedness of individuals and nations.

Timeline of Globalization

  • Ancient (3000 BCE – 500 CE): Early trade networks like the Silk Road (facilitated trade of silk, spices, etc., and exchange of ideas) and Indian Ocean Trade (connected regions exchanging goods and religions) established foundations for global connections. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes also linked sub-Saharan Africa with the Mediterranean world.
  • Medieval Period (500 CE – 1500 CE): Continued expansion of trade networks, rise of empires (ex: Byzantine Empire, Mongol Empire), and cultural exchanges. Important inventions like paper spread along trade routes.
  • Renaissance (14th – 17th Century): Expansion of trade routes and new technologies fuelled globalization. Exploration led to connection between Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Colonization and the Atlantic Slave Trade were also crucial.
  • Age of Exploration: European exploration and colonization connected the world further.
  • Industrial Revolution (18th – 19th Century): Technological advancements (like the steam engine, railroads, and telegraph) connected distant parts of the world. Increased global trade networks developed, and global empires expanded their control. The Atlantic Slave Trade continued to have a profound impact on the global economy.
  • Renaissance: Renewed interest in classical antiquity, leading to flourishing of art, science, and literature; exchange of ideas between Europe, the Islamic world, and China. Scientific revolution further advanced world knowledge.
  • Modern Era (18th Century – Present): Industrialization, new technologies (like the internet and digital technologies), and global trade organizations (like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank) accelerated globalization. This time also saw the rise of global challenges like climate change and pandemics.

Technological Advancements

  • Compass: aided maritime navigation and boosted trade.
  • Gunpowder: fundamentally altered warfare.
  • Printing Press: facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas.
  • The Telegraph and Telephone: enabled near-instantaneous communication across vast distances.
  • Steam-powered transportation: revolutionized movement of goods and people.
  • Internet: enabled instant communication and facilitated the interchange of information globally.

Cultural and Religious Spread

  • Major world religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism) spread through ancient trade networks.
  • Greek and Persian cultures blended with local traditions, particularly following the conquests of Alexander the Great.
  • Rise of Hellenistic and Persian influences across the ancient world.

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Globalization: A Contemp Review PDF

Description

This quiz explores the concept of globalization and its historical timeline, highlighting significant trade routes and cultural exchanges from ancient times to the Renaissance. Test your knowledge on how interconnectedness has evolved through the ages.

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