Globalization Concepts and Theories

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Questions and Answers

According to Steger, how should globalization be defined?

  • A phenomenon primarily driven by technological advancements.
  • The extension of market forces beyond national borders.
  • A set of complex social processes altering the social condition derived from modern nation-state independence. (correct)
  • A multidimensional set of social processes creating global interdependencies.

What is a key characteristic of globalization, as highlighted by scholars?

  • The weakening of social interdependencies at the local level.
  • The intensification of worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges. (correct)
  • The isolation of national markets from global economic forces.
  • The reduction of awareness regarding connections between local and distant communities.

According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), what is a characteristic of globalization's progress?

  • It is eliminating poverty in all countries at the same rate.
  • It presents extensive opportunities for worldwide development, but its progress is uneven. (correct)
  • It is progressing evenly across all nations.
  • It is fostering a decline in international trade and finance.

Which of the following best describes globalization, according to Robertson (1992)?

<p>The understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does Hutton & Giddens emphasize as a key component of globalization?

<p>The interplay of extraordinary technological innovation mixed with global influences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Albrow and King (1990), what is the key characteristic of globalization?

<p>The incorporation of the world's people into a single, borderless society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the IMF indicate that globalization extends beyond national borders?

<p>Market forces operating for centuries at various levels of human economic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Giddens (1991) emphasize in his definition of globalization?

<p>The intensification of social relationships connecting distant localities, such that local events are shaped by happenings from afar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common perception of globalization during the 1980s?

<p>A word manifesting the advancements in modern technologies that have made international transactions convenient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is NOT directly associated with the multidimensional nature of globalization?

<p>Promoting national self-sufficiency and isolation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Steger (2005), citing Freeden (2003), what does globalization primarily denote?

<p>A variety of processes nesting under one complex term, rather than a single ideology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the modern definition of globalization according to the text?

<p>An increasingly integrated global economy with free trade and capital flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, globalization should be described as:

<p>A set of complex and sometimes contradictory social processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Inosemtsev (2008) say about the term 'globalization'?

<p>It is one of the most known social studies, but is still a hollow terminology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text mentions that globalization began being used to define interdependent economics and information technology, after what event?

<p>The Cold War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the balance shifted between science/knowledge and resources in determining a country's standard of living?

<p>Science and knowledge have become the most significant factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cuturela (2012) cite as the first known usage of 'globalization'?

<p>A published work, Towards New Education, which discussed it as an overview of human experience in education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overarching framework did the global North and South internalize in the mid-1990s, according to Steger (2014)?

<p>A neo-liberal framework advocating for deregulation of markets and privatization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core claim of market globalism regarding the nature of globalization?

<p>Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the market-globalist perspective view the role of technology in globalization?

<p>Technology is seen as a driver of irreversible market forces and a solution to social problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the claim 'Nobody is in charge of globalization' imply, according to the text?

<p>Globalization is not under the control of any single individual, government, or institution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first claim of market globalism?

<p>Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Robert Hormats, what is 'the great beauty of globalization'?

<p>The fact that no one is in control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ideal is market globalism anchored in?

<p>Neo-liberalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Thomas Friedman, which of these statements best describes the nature of the global marketplace?

<p>It is driven by an 'Electronic Herd' of investors connected by technology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the statement issued at the 1996 G-7 Summit in Lyons, France suggest about globalization?

<p>It offers considerable prospects for the future, benefiting both developed and developing countries alike. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is identified as a crucial link between economic advancement spurred by globalization and the development of successful democracies?

<p>The rise of a robust middle class and complex civil societies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correlation did Francis Fukuyama emphasize regarding economic development and democracy?

<p>A clear correlation between a country's level of economic development and successful democracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Hillary Rodham Clinton view the economic changes in Eastern Europe following the fall of communism?

<p>As the 'backbone of democracy' due to the growth of businesses and shopping centers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept did the 1996 G-7 Summit in Lyons, France, exemplify regarding globalization?

<p>Globalization ultimately benefits everyone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key attribute of the 'Electronic Herd' described by Thomas Friedman?

<p>They are connected by screens and networks, operating often anonymously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization contribute to the development of democracy?

<p>By making civil societies with a powerful middle class possible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Globalization

The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked by free trade and labor movement.

Interdependent world

A global context where countries rely on each other economically and informationally.

Single world society

A concept that people globally live in a community without borders.

Transnational capital spread

The movement of capital across national borders creating global markets.

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Intensifying social relationships

Increased connections and interactions among countries linking local events to global occurrences.

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Social and economic networks

Relationships formed through interactions relevant in global contexts.

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Cultural understanding

The increasing perception of the world and its diversity more clearly.

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Processes of globalization

A range of activities contributing to global interconnectedness but not an ideology.

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Balance of Science and Resources

The relationship between knowledge and available resources affecting living standards.

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Advanced Economies

Countries with the most modern technology and high living standards.

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Neo-liberal Framework

An economic approach advocating deregulated markets and privatization.

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First Claim of Market Globalism

Globalization involves the liberalization and global integration of markets.

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Second Claim of Market Globalism

Globalization is seen as inevitable and driven by technology.

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Leaderlessness in Globalization

The idea that no single entity controls globalization.

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Third Claim of Market Globalism

No individual or institution has control over globalization.

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Global Integration

The process of linking national economies through trade and technology.

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Physical and Mental Dimensions

Global flows occur in both tangible and intangible aspects of society.

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Social Interdependencies

Connections among people and societies that influence each other's conditions.

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International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An organization that monitors and supports global economic stability.

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Uneven Globalization

The unequal integration of countries into the global market.

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Modern Technologies in Globalization

Advancements that facilitate easier international trade and finance.

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Historical Context of Globalization

Globalization is not new; it has centuries of market interactions.

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Complexity of Globalization

The intricate mix of technology and global influences shaping society.

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Electronic Herd

A term describing anonymous global traders using networks for transactions.

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Market Globalism

The belief that globalization benefits everyone through economic growth.

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G-7 Summit 1996

Meeting where world leaders endorsed globalization's benefits for economic progress.

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Investment and Trade Expansion

Globalization accelerates investment and trade on a large scale.

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Technological Innovation

Advancements in technology due to globalization facilitate progress.

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Civil Societies and Democracy

Economic development from globalization fosters conditions for democracy.

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Economic Development and Democracy

Fukuyama's correlation between higher development levels and successful democracies.

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Eastern Europe Transition

The shift towards capitalism in Eastern Europe seen as a step towards democracy.

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Study Notes

Globalization Defined

  • Globalization is a complex term with evolving meanings
  • Early usages date back to the 1930s in educational contexts, contrasted with the contemporary understanding following the Cold War.
  • Globalization is characterized by interconnectedness (economy, social relations, and information).
  • It's defined by factors like free trade, capital flow, and labor markets.
  • Globalization involves a growing awareness of a single global society connecting people worldwide.
  • The effects of globalization are significant and impactful on sovereign states, affecting economies and markets.
  • Globalization is described as processes intensifying social interactions across vast distances.
  • Globalization results in interconnectedness between local and global events.

Core Claims of Market Globalism

  • Market globalism is a perspective that sees globalization as primarily driven by global markets.
  • It emphasizes liberalization, integration, and the idea that free markets are the foundation for a global order.
  • The perspective views globalization as inevitable and irreversible.
  • It suggests that globalization leads to greater social integration and economic progress, especially in democratic societies.
  • Market globalism is often linked to a belief that market forces can solve social problems.
  • It argues that globalization is leaderless and unmanaged.

Further Aspects of Globalization

  • Globalization is a complex interplay of technological improvements and global influences.
  • Advancements in technology are key drivers for globalized economies.
  • Globalization is not an ideology but a range of processes encompassing physical and mental dimensions.
  • Globalization encompasses social processes changing current social conditions due to independent nation-states.
  • It involves intensifying global social and cultural interdependencies and exchanges.
  • Globalization involves an awareness of the interconnectedness between local and distant events.
  • Globalization offers opportunities for global development by expanding trade and investment from all countries, fostering technological advances and skilled jobs.
  • There is a correlation between economic development and the adoption of democracy in countries. Global economic factors facilitate democracy.

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