Globalisation and Culture Overview

Requirements imposed by international institutions, like the IMF and World Bank, that countries must meet, often involving economic reforms.

Challenges and disagreements arising from the implementation of conditionalities, often criticizing the undermining of sovereignty and increased inequality.

The dominance of one culture over others, often spread through global media, entertainment, and consumerism, leading to the suppression of local cultures.

Global brands and international celebrities act as agents of cultural globalisation, spreading shared values, lifestyles, and consumer habits across borders.

The infrastructure supporting the spread of cultural products and ideas across borders, including technology advancements, global trade networks, and media platforms.

The process where dominant cultures overpower and erode local traditions, resulting in a more uniform global culture.

The deliberate attempt by local communities to resist dominant global influences by promoting and preserving their indigenous traditions, languages, and customs.

The control exerted by a dominant culture over others, shaping global norms, values, and practices to align with its worldview, often through media and education.

Multiculturalism emphasizes embracing cultural diversity and coexistence, while "ghetto culture" refers to the criticism of minority groups' isolation and marginalization within a globalized world.

21st-century society is interconnected, highly influenced by technology, and diverse, shaped by global media, migration, and transnational corporations.

Society is a complex system of shared beliefs, values, and institutions. It's influenced by globalization, connecting people but also adapting to local cultures.

Globalization brings benefits like economic growth, cultural exchange, and technological advancements. However, it also poses challenges such as inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental concerns.

Early world organizations like the League of Nations and the International Telecommunication Union laid the groundwork for global governance.

Economic integration between nations requires them to adopt global norms, harmonize policies, and participate in international institutions to manage interdependence.

This phrase describes efforts to establish a global system emphasizing cooperation, governance, and liberal values, often influenced by historical turning points like the Cold War.

Civil society organizations (NGOs) increasingly operate across national borders to address global issues like climate change, human rights, and poverty.

Treaties, agreements, and charters that determine the power of a supranational organization, including its decision-making processes, authority, and compliance monitoring.

Collaboration between nations to achieve common goals, like trade agreements or environmental protection.

Concerns about losing control over national policies and having decisions made without direct citizen input. It can lead to feelings of disconnection from decision-making processes.

The loss of national sovereignty, lack of direct accountability for supranational institutions, and the "democratic deficit" where citizens feel distant from decisions.

It leads to stronger global governance, but it also means national control over certain policies is reduced. Mechanisms for monitoring compliance, like sanctions or inspections, are needed to ensure institutions act in the best interests of their member states.

The weakening and potential collapse of nation-states due to factors like global trade, climate change, and digital transformation.

The process of increased interconnectedness between countries through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

The ability of a nation-state to make decisions and implement policies within its own borders.

A scenario where multiple powerful states hold significant influence and balance each other.

The transfer of power and authority from nation-states to international organizations like the EU.

The process of adopting policies and norms from the EU by member states, impacting domestic governance, legal systems, and economies.

A way of implementing policies where the EU directs directives to its member states for them to follow.

A way of implementing policies where EU policies are shaped by member states through proposals and negotiations.

Ghetto cultures develop when marginalized communities are isolated and form unique identities due to shared experiences.

Glocalisation is when global products or ideas are adapted to fit local cultures, creating a mix of both.

Historical globalization includes events like colonialism, imperialism, and the rise of trade networks connecting different parts of the world.

The New World Order refers to efforts to promote a unified, cooperative global governance system after the Cold War, emphasizing liberal democratic values.

A multipolar world order describes a global system with multiple centers of power - examples being the US, EU, China, and Russia.

Globalization and supranational governance challenge the power and relevance of nation-states by promoting interconnectedness and shared authority.

Cultural globalization is the rapid spread of cultural products, values, and ideas through digital media, trade, and migration, characterized by its velocity and intensity.

Institutionalization refers to formal structures supporting global cultural exchanges (like global media companies), while stratification shows the uneven distribution of cultural influence, with dominant cultures shaping global narratives.

International organizations like UNESCO and WTO create rules for cultural trade, protect cultural heritage, and set intellectual property rights.

Balancing cultural preservation with free trade, addressing inequalities, and countering cultural imperialism are challenges for global cultural governance.

Hyperglobalists believe globalisation weakens nation-states, sceptics find its impact overblown, while transformationalists see it changing power structures unpredictably.

Critics of globalisation argue that exploitation, inequality, environmental damage, and cultural identity loss are negative consequences.

NGOs, multinational corporations, and civil society groups are non-state entities that influence global governance through advocacy, trade, and humanitarian work.

Challenges for non-state actors include accountability and regulation, while opportunities offer increased innovation and problem-solving capacity.

Indigenous groups face challenges like land grabbing, cultural erosion, and being sidelined politically in a globalized world.

Indigenous groups use legal action, international advocacy, and cultural preservation efforts to secure their rights and identities.