Questions and Answers
What is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geospatial positioning with global coverage?
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
What are the three segments that consist of a Global Navigation System?
The ground station in a GNSS is also referred to as the space segment.
False
What is the speed of light represented by in the formula Q = C (Travel Time)?
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One of the best practices when using GPS is to have a clear view of the _____.
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How many satellites does GLONASS operate?
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Which of the following is a positioning service offered by GLONASS?
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Study Notes
Learning Outcomes
- Gain understanding of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and their global autonomous positioning capabilities.
- Learn techniques to enhance accuracy in GNSS error measurement.
Historical Navigation Systems
- Early navigation relied on monuments, detailed maps, star interpretation, and numerical coordinate systems.
Global Navigation System
- GNSS is a standard term for satellite navigation systems offering worldwide geospatial positioning.
- Consists of a constellation of satellites providing essential signals for positioning and timing.
- Comprises three essential segments: satellites (space segment), ground stations (control segment), and users.
GNSS Segments
- Satellites: A network of orbiting satellites known as the space segment.
- Ground Stations: Monitor and control satellites, categorized as the control segment.
- Users: Utilize satellite signals to determine their geographic position and movement.
GNSS Framework
- The control segment communicates with satellites through bidirectional signals.
- Users receive satellite signals unidirectionally.
Principles of Satellite-Based Navigation
- Relies on the known positions of both receivers and satellites, represented geometrically as a hypotenuse.
- Uses the formula: Q = C × (Travel Time), where:
- C = speed of light (m/s)
- Q = distance between receiver and satellite (m)
Best Practices When Using GPS
- Ensure a clear view of the sky; avoid obstructions like trees and tall buildings.
- Capture signals from a minimum of four satellites for optimal accuracy.
- Keep the GPS unit flat and stationary for at least 20 seconds to establish a fixed location for recording.
Historical Context: Cold War and Space Race
- US and USSR rivalry during the Cold War led to advancements in satellite technology.
- Incidents such as the Cuban missile crisis heightened the need for GPS technology.
- The US developed classified satellite imagery capabilities through the CORONA project (1960-1972).
GLONASS Overview
- Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) is operated by Russia's Aerospace Defense Forces.
- Features 24 operational satellites plus 3 spares, offering improved coverage at higher latitudes.
- Offers two service levels:
- Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
- Precise Positioning Service (PPS)
- Faced operational challenges following the economic instability of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which provide worldwide positioning capabilities. This quiz covers the historical navigation systems, essential GNSS segments, and techniques to improve accuracy in error measurement. Test your knowledge of how GNSS functions and its components.
