Global Inequality Eras 1820-2020: Stone Center Working Paper Series 5

According to the passage, what was the global income inequality like before the Industrial Revolution?

The passage does not provide information about global income inequality before the Industrial Revolution.
Income inequality was not a significant issue before the Industrial Revolution.
There was low inequality between different parts of the world.
There was high inequality between different parts of the world. (correct)

How did the Industrial Revolution affect inequality among nations and within countries?

The passage does not provide information about how the Industrial Revolution affected inequality.
The Industrial Revolution decreased inequality both between nations and within countries.
The Industrial Revolution increased inequality between nations but decreased inequality within countries.
The Industrial Revolution increased inequality both between nations and within countries. (correct)

According to the passage, what happened to global inequality between 1820 and 1950?

The passage does not provide information about changes in global inequality during this period. (correct)
Global inequality decreased during this period.
Global inequality remained relatively stable during this period.
Global inequality increased during this period.

What was the main driver of increasing global inequality during the nineteenth century and up to World War I?

Both the widening gap between nations and the widening gap within nations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happened to global inequality after World War II?

It stabilized, albeit at an unprecedentedly high level (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the rise of China and other Asian countries impact global inequality?

It reduced the gap between countries, mirroring the impact of the Industrial Revolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the reshuffling of individual income positions that occurred globally from around 1980 to 2020?

The reshuffling saw middle and high-middle income positions previously dominated by Western countries and Japan begin to be taken over by populations from rising Asian countries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between inequality within nations and inequality between nations prior to the Industrial Revolution?

There is no information provided about the relationship between inequality within and between nations prior to the Industrial Revolution (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did World War I impact global inequality?

It led to a further increase in global inequality (A) Signup and view all the answers

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, global income inequality was:

Relatively low, with no major differences between different parts of the world (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the fundamental impact of the Industrial Revolution on global inequality?

It launched some countries, like Western Europe and North America, to higher growth, increasing inequality between countries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about global inequality in the 19th century is most accurate?

It increased significantly due to the rapid industrialization of Western nations (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors played a role in determining global income inequality over the past two centuries?

Both economic and political/military factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the impact of World War I on global inequality?

The text does not provide enough information to determine the impact of World War I on inequality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical question for the continued income convergence, as mentioned in the text?

Will Africa replicate Asia's rapid income growth in the 21st century? (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which region, apart from China, is highlighted in the text as likely to play a significant role in global inequality reduction?

India (D) Signup and view all the answers

What makes India and certain African countries particularly vital for global inequality, according to the text?

Their large populations and potential income convergence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What historical success is emphasized in the text regarding people's incomes?

Rapid increase in incomes for many people (B) Signup and view all the answers

What significant event marks China's potential conclusion in reducing global inequality, according to the text?

China's ongoing reshuffling of global incomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What key factor determines the areas of the world where income convergence is of paramount importance?

Population growth and potential income convergence (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what was the primary cause of the increase in global inequality during the 19th century up until World War I?

The rise of industrialized nations and the widening gap between 'haves' and 'have-nots' (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the rise of China and other Asian countries impact global inequality after the 1980s?

It decreased global inequality by reducing the gaps between nations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the 'reshuffling' of individual income positions globally from 1980 to 2020?

The rise of middle and high-middle income positions in Asia (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, how did global inequality change after World War II?

It stabilized, albeit at an unprecedentedly high level (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage imply about the impact of the reshuffling of global income positions on the top 5% of the global income distribution?

It has not yet affected the top 5% to a significant extent (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what was the relationship between inequality within nations and inequality between nations prior to the Industrial Revolution?

The passage does not provide information about this relationship (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what factor played a key role in the dramatic developments related to global income positions?

The progression of incomes in China (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about an individual's positional decline in the global income ladder?

It can happen even when the individual's real income improves. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, why does positional decline in the global income ladder matter?

It affects an individual's ability to purchase certain global goods and services. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage imply about the extent of the global income reshuffle?

It is directly proportional to the number of people involved in upward movements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what factor determines whether an individual can purchase certain global goods and services?

Their ability to afford the goods and services based on their income level (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true about global income inequality?

It increased dramatically due to the rise of incomes in China. (A) Signup and view all the answers