Global Health Overview

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

Conditions that contribute to good health, including access to healthcare, safe housing, safe working conditions, and nutritious food.

The World Health Organization, established in 1948, aims to promote global health and well-being, acting as the coordinating authority for health within the UN system.

The right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, regardless of race, religion, beliefs, or social status.

The ability of individuals or groups to achieve their aspirations, meet needs, and cope with environmental changes.

A movement emphasizing health promotion, focusing on enhancing individual and community capacities to improve health.

The day celebrating WHO's foundation, aligning with the importance of global health and well-being.

Factors that influence health outcomes, such as social conditions, economic status, and environmental factors.

The organized efforts of society to protect and promote the health of all citizens, focusing on prevention and population-level interventions.

Interventions that aim to address the root causes of health problems, preventing them before they occur.

Interventions that focus on treating existing health problems, after they have already developed.

The absence of avoidable or remediable health differences among groups of people, ensuring everyone has equal opportunities for good health.

Public health activities aimed at reducing disease spread and protecting individuals from health risks, such as sanitation and vaccination programs.

Public health activities that promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles to improve well-being, such as health education campaigns and community support programs.

The systematic collection and analysis of health data to monitor disease trends, identify risk factors, and inform public health interventions.

A measure of existing disease cases in a population at a specific time.

A measure of existing disease cases within a defined period.

Measures how quickly new cases arise in a population over a defined period.

The proportion of the at-risk population that develops a disease over a specific time.

Measures new cases considering person-years at risk.

The count of all deaths in a population over a specific time period.

The count of deaths in a population due to a specific disease over a time period.

Mortality rate for a particular sub-group of the population.

The study of how diseases spread and what factors influence their distribution, used to develop effective interventions and prevention strategies.

The measurement of the number of cases of a disease or condition present in a population at a specific time.

The Green Belt Movement was founded by Wangari Maathai in Kenya in 1977 to address environmental degradation and empower women through tree planting.

The Mau Mau Crisis in Kenya (1952) was an armed liberation struggle against British colonialism, highlighting the oppression and resistance faced by Kenyans.

Wangari Maathai won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her contributions to environmentalism, human rights, and democracy in Kenya.

The British colonization of Kenya in the early 1900s involved exploiting Kenyan resources and oppressing the local population.

A situation where multiple political parties are allowed to participate in elections.

The Kenyan government accepted multi-party elections in 1992 after years of protests and unrest.

A measurement of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death.

A sub-group mortality rate is calculated in a similar way to the crude mortality rate, but only includes deaths within the specified sub-group and the total number of individuals in that sub-group.

Relative risk compares the likelihood of illness in one group compared to another, indicating how many times more likely one group is to get sick.

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) quantifies the impact of diseases on health and well-being globally using a standardized measurement called the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY).

Communicable diseases, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders are a major cause of death globally, particularly in poorer populations due to limited access to healthcare.

Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are leading causes of death globally, accounting for a large proportion of deaths worldwide.

The DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year) is a standardized measure used to quantify the global burden of disease, combining years lost due to premature death and years lived with disability.

The WHO uses the DALY to measure the GBD in three areas: communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and injuries.

A bacterial infection affecting one-third of the world's population, but only causing active disease in 5-10% of those infected. The percentage is much higher in individuals with HIV.

A mosquito-borne illness prevalent in Africa, causing 200 million cases and over 500,000 deaths annually. It can be cured with medication and prevented using mosquito nets.

A condition characterized by iron deficiency, leading to fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

A form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein and energy intake, leading to growth delays and weakened immunity.

Encompasses the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It has profound impacts on both mothers and children.

A group of diseases that cannot be spread from person to person, such as heart disease, cancer, and mental illness.

A major cause of death worldwide, often preventable through healthy lifestyle choices and access to medical care.

A leading cause of death and disability, rapidly increasing globally due to aging populations, lifestyle factors, and rising cancer rates.

A wide range of conditions affecting mood, thinking, and behavior, often requiring specialized care and support.

Injuries, including road accidents, self-harm, falls, and violence, leading to significant mortality and morbidity.