Global Fossil Fuels Overview
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Global Fossil Fuels Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which gas is primarily trapped in methane hydrates?

  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Methane (correct)

    • What is the primary region for proven natural gas reserves?

  • Middle East (correct)
  • North America
  • Europe
  • South America

    • In 2019, which country was identified as the largest producer and consumer of natural gas?

  • Canada
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Russia
  • U.S. (correct)

    • How long can proven coal reserves provide for global production needs?

    <p>100 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is the largest producer and consumer of coal?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding coal reserves?

    <p>North America has the most proven coal reserves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2019, the U.S. is classified as what in relation to natural gas?

    <p>Net exporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many water molecules typically surround methane in hydrates?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential duration that methane hydrates could satisfy global oil demand?

    <p>1500 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated equivalent of methane hydrates compared to proven natural gas reserves?

    <p>3000 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between deteriorating EROEI and energy sustainability?

    <p>Decreasing sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much carbon is expected to be released by accessing non-traditional fossil fuels compared to all oil reserves?

    <p>Over 100 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total amount of energy can methane hydrate reserves meet globally for all energy needs?

    <p>300 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the carbon intensity of fossil fuel utilization?

    <p>Significantly higher than traditional oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant aspect does the concept of the net energy cliff relate to?

    <p>Energy return on investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of U.S. oil used for the transportation sector?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which states have seen a substantial increase in tight oil production?

    <p>North Dakota, Montana, and Texas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What volume do methane hydrate reserves roughly equal in terms of barrels of oil equivalent?

    <p>56 trillion barrels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the data indicate an import trend of 5,658 from Angola?

    <p>2011</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend can be observed in U.S. petroleum imports from 2007 to 2016?

    <p>Fluctuation in total volumes but higher numbers in some years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies a reason for substantial refined fuel exports in the U.S.?

    <p>Increased oil production capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the import trend of petroleum from Angola in 2007?

    <p>1,888</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2016, how did the U.S. petroleum imports change?

    <p>Showed a net decrease from certain nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a significant area for tight oil production increase?

    <p>Alaska</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defined formula for efficiency related to an engine?

    <p>Rated power out of the engine divided by the rate of heat transfer from fuel into the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unconventional fossil fuel is mentioned as having a very low EROEI?

    <p>Oil sand and shale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event involved Shell Oil's Kulluk oil derrick?

    <p>It ran aground on the coast of Alaska.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which U.S. state is noted for having a significant quantity of oil sands?

    <p>Utah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much recoverable oil reserve is reported to exist in Canadian oil sands as of 2015?

    <p>178 billion barrels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global demand for petroleum estimated at for the year 2020?

    <p>165 quad btu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is specifically noted for being rich in hydrocarbons and referred to as oil shale?

    <p>Kerogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential duration could the Canadian oil sands meet global oil demand?

    <p>60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental impact of coal mining?

    <p>Water Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an upstream issue related to fossil fuels?

    <p>Tanker Accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is a major emission from natural gas production?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern associated with the refining of oil?

    <p>Greenhouse Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of tar sands extraction raises environmental concerns?

    <p>Pipeline Leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding OPEC?

    <p>It is financially motivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a downstream environmental impact associated with fossil fuels?

    <p>Refinery Accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oil in the United States came from OPEC countries in 2011?

    <p>39%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically involved in natural gas emissions?

    <p>Nuclear Contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of coal ash pollution?

    <p>Acid Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Natural Gas

    • The United States is the largest natural gas producer and consumer.
    • As of 2019, the US is now a net exporter of natural gas.
    • The largest natural gas reserves are located in Russia and the Middle East.
    • The Middle East dominates proven natural gas reserves.
    • Global natural gas reserves are estimated to provide over 50 years of global production needs.

    Global Coal

    • China is the largest coal producer and consumer.
    • Coal reserves provide over 100 years of global production needs.
    • The US has the most proven coal reserves.
    • Coal reserves are not found in the same locations as oil and natural gas.

    U.S. Oil

    • The US uses a large portion of oil, with a significant amount going towards the transportation sector.
    • The US refines and exports a substantial amount of fuel.

    Unconventional Fossil Fuels

    • Tight oil production in the US has increased considerably, particularly in North Dakota, Montana, and Texas.
    • The demand for oil is driving offshore drilling and the extraction of unconventional fossil fuels.
    • The use of unconventional fossil fuels (tar sands, oil shale) poses environmental concerns due to the potential for carbon emissions and water pollution.

    Oil Sands

    • Canadian oil sands hold the world's largest hydrocarbon reserves, estimated at 1.7 trillion barrels.
    • The "recoverable" reserves are about 178 billion barrels.
    • Canadian oil sands alone could potentially meet global oil demand for over 60 years.

    Environmental Issues for Fossil Fuels

    • All fossil fuel resources have associated environmental impacts during extraction, processing, and use.
    • The extraction of unconventional fossil fuels presents significant challenges, such as high water use, habitat degradation, and the release of greenhouse gases.
    • Traditional fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas all have a significant carbon footprint.

    Methane Hydrates

    • Methane hydrates are found off the eastern coast of the United States.
    • These reserves are estimated to be 3,000 times larger than proven natural gas reserves, equivalent to 56 trillion barrels of oil.

    Future of the Petroleum Economy

    • OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is not a political entity; rather, it is financially driven.
    • Peak oil production in non-OPEC countries is predicted to occur within the next 10-30 years.

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    Lecture 5 - Fossil Fuels PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the production and consumption of natural gas, coal, and oil globally, with a focus on the United States as a major player in these markets. Key topics include reserves, exports, and the future of fossil fuels. Test your knowledge on how these energy resources influence global economics and energy sustainability.

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