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Questions and Answers
Queen Nanny led the Maroon Wars in British Jamaica between 1728 and 1740.
Queen Nanny led the Maroon Wars in British Jamaica between 1728 and 1740.
True
Tupac Amaru II was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
Tupac Amaru II was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
False
Bartolomeu Dias was the first explorer to reach India by sea.
Bartolomeu Dias was the first explorer to reach India by sea.
False
Christopher Columbus made multiple voyages to the Americas under the sponsorship of Spain.
Christopher Columbus made multiple voyages to the Americas under the sponsorship of Spain.
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Isabella I of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon sponsored Vasco da Gama's voyages.
Isabella I of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon sponsored Vasco da Gama's voyages.
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Ferdinand Magellan died before completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.
Ferdinand Magellan died before completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.
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John Cabot is known for exploring parts of Australia for England.
John Cabot is known for exploring parts of Australia for England.
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Henry Hudson explored the river that is named after him in North America.
Henry Hudson explored the river that is named after him in North America.
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Zheng He led Chinese voyages to North America during the years 1405-1433.
Zheng He led Chinese voyages to North America during the years 1405-1433.
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Christopher Columbus completed his first voyage to the Americas in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.
Christopher Columbus completed his first voyage to the Americas in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, established in 1494, divided territories exclusively between Spain and France.
The Treaty of Tordesillas, established in 1494, divided territories exclusively between Spain and France.
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Ferdinand Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe, despite his death during the voyage.
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe, despite his death during the voyage.
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Spain colonized the Philippines in 1565 as part of its expansion during the late 1500s.
Spain colonized the Philippines in 1565 as part of its expansion during the late 1500s.
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The Transatlantic Slave Trade began in the late 1700s to supply labor for sugar production in the Americas.
The Transatlantic Slave Trade began in the late 1700s to supply labor for sugar production in the Americas.
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The Gloucester County Rebellion in Virginia occurred in the late 1600s and involved enslaved Africans and indentured servants.
The Gloucester County Rebellion in Virginia occurred in the late 1600s and involved enslaved Africans and indentured servants.
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The massive Spanish silver mining operations in Potosí began in the early 1600s.
The massive Spanish silver mining operations in Potosí began in the early 1600s.
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Study Notes
Global Exploration and Colonialism (1450-1750)
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Early Chinese Exploration (1405-1433): Zheng He, a Chinese admiral, led large naval expeditions to various parts of Asia and Africa, sponsored by the Ming Emperor Yongle. Aiming to foster trade and spread Chinese culture.
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Portuguese Exploration (1440s-1480s): Prince Henry the Navigator established a significant maritime academy in Sagres, Portugal. This fostered exploration along the African coast and advancements in navigation techniques, a key motivator of further European exploration.
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Voyage Around the Cape (1488): Bartolomeu Dias successfully rounded the Cape of Good Hope, a crucial step towards establishing a sea route to Asia.
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Columbus's Voyages (1492): Christopher Columbus, funded by Spain, mistakenly believed he had reached Asia, leading to profound encounters and exchanges between Europeans and the Americas.
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Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal, creating a framework for colonial rivalry.
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Sea Route to Asia (1498): Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa to Calicut, India, established a direct sea route to Asia, an important development that influenced global trade significantly
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Portuguese Colonialism (1500s-1600s): Portugal established trading posts and colonies predominantly in the Indian Ocean and Brazil. This established Portuguese dominance of crucial trade routes for spices.
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Spanish Conquest of Empires (1519-1533): Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire, and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire, drastically impacting the region's indigenous populations and transforming societal structures.
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Spanish Colonial Expansion (1530s Onwards): Spain and other European powers expanded colonies throughout the Americas. Significant for subsequent European dominance.
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French Exploration of North America (1534-1541): Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River for France, marking the early stages of French colonization efforts.
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Spanish Silver Mining (1540s): Significant silver mining operations commenced in Potosí, boosting Spain's wealth and power, along with fueling the global silver trade.
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Philippine Colonization (1565): Spain successfully colonized the Philippines, marking crucial expansion into Southeast Asia.
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Sugar Dominance (1570-1670): Brazil dominated the sugar market globally. This greatly influenced economies in the Americas and Europe.
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Transatlantic Slave Trade Intensifies (1600s Onwards): The Transatlantic Slave Trade, driven by labor needs in cash-crop industries like sugarcane, intensified substantially.
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Exclusion of Europeans from Japan (Early 1600s): Due to aggressive missionary and trade practices, Japan expelled Europeans, highlighting the complexities of interaction and trade.
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European Caribbean Colonies (Early-Mid 1600s): Britain, France, and the Netherlands established "exploitation" colonies in the Caribbean primarily for sugarcane production.
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Manila Massacre (1603): Spanish forces in Manila massacred 20,000 Chinese merchants, illustrating violent aspects of colonialism.
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Conflicts with Native Americans (1636-1678): Various conflicts, including Metacom's War, transpired between European colonists and Native American groups in North America.
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Rebellions (1663, 1680, 1688): Various rebellions highlighted resistance to European colonial policies. Examples include the Gloucester County Rebellion, the Pueblo Revolt, and Siam's expulsion of French.
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Caribbean Sugar Competition (Late 1600s): Britain, France, and the Netherlands broke Portugal/Brazil’s sugar monopoly in the Caribbean.
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Maroon Wars (1728-1740, 1795-1796): Maroon Wars, led by Queen Nanny, emphasized resistance against British colonial authority.
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Indigenous Rebellion in Peru (1780-1783): Tupac Amaru II led an indigenous rebellion against oppressive Spanish colonial rule.
Notable Figures:
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Prince Henry the Navigator: Portuguese royal who sponsored early maritime exploration.
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Zheng He: Chinese admiral leading extensive naval expeditions.
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Bartolomeu Dias: Portuguese explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
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Christopher Columbus: Italian explorer leading voyages to the Americas, funded by Spain.
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Isabella I of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon: Monarchs of Spain sponsoring Columbus’s voyages
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Vasco da Gama: Portuguese explorer establishing a sea route to India.
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Ferdinand Magellan: Portuguese explorer leading the first circumnavigation of the globe.
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Hernán Cortés: Spanish conquistador conquering the Aztec Empire.
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Francisco Pizarro: Spanish conquistador conquering the Inca Empire.
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Jacques Cartier: French explorer claiming parts of Canada for France.
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Queen Nanny: Leader of Jamaican resistance during the Maroon Wars.
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Tupac Amaru II: Leader of an important indigenous rebellion against Spanish rule.
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Description
Explore the key events and figures of global exploration from 1450 to 1750. Learn about Zheng He’s voyages, the Portuguese advancements in navigation, Bartolomeu Dias, and Columbus's significant voyages. Discover how these explorations reshaped global trade and cultural exchanges.
