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Questions and Answers
What is the average life expectancy today?
Which country is projected to have the highest life expectancy for women by 2030?
What does the dependency ratio measure?
What is the Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) primarily responsible for?
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What does an increase in life expectancy NOT necessarily indicate?
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Which country is NOT listed as having a high life expectancy by 2030?
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What are the primary causes of death as a population ages?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of alarmist interpretations of population aging?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason to be optimistic about global aging and economic performance?
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Which of the following is a significant adaptation required in society due to rapid population aging?
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Which of the following demographic indices provides the most comprehensive picture of demographic change?
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What is the sex ratio at ages 85+?
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What is the main reason societies rely on population aging statistics?
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What are the three main factors that demographers study to understand population changes?
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What is a population pyramid used for by demographers?
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Why are older people becoming a growing political force?
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What are the economic implications of population aging?
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Which of the following is a challenge posed by population aging?
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Study Notes
Life Expectancy
- Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining for an individual at a given age (usually at birth).
- In early Roman times, life expectancy was around 20 years, increasing to 30 years in 1800, 50 years in 1900, and 72 years today.
- By 2030, life expectancy is expected to rise, with South Korean women reaching close to the 90-year threshold, followed by France, Japan, and Spain.
Demographic Indices
- Dependency ratio measures the economic burden on the working population caused by those who are not in the labor force.
- Other demographic indices include:
- Median age: the age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people.
- Birth and death rates.
- Sex ratio:
- At birth: 98.5 males per 100 females.
- At ages 65+: 83 males per 100 females.
- At ages 85+: 53 males per 100 females.
Population Aging
- Population aging is a significant demographic change that requires adaptations in society.
- As a population ages, leading causes of death change from acute/infectious to chronic/degenerative diseases.
- Improvements in food distribution, nutrition, water quality, personal hygiene, public sanitation, education, and economic development contribute to population aging.
The Significance of Demographic Indices
- Demographic indices provide a partial picture of demographic change.
- The number and percentage of the population aged 65+ only tell part of the story.
- Other indices, such as median age, birth and death rates, and sex ratio, are essential to understand demographic change.
Global Aging and Economic Performance
- Declining fertility and fewer children contribute to population aging.
- Gains in longevity and a longer period of time to work are also significant factors.
- There are four reasons to be optimistic about global aging and economic performance.
Demography
- Demography is the study of why and how populations change over time and become smaller, larger, or older due to fertility, migration patterns, and mortality.
- Demographers use tools like tables, graphs, and figures to illustrate demographic trends and patterns.
- Population aging statistics are used to direct social policies and acquire insight into individual and population aging issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge on global epidemiological transitions and demographic statistics. Learn about the shift in leading causes of death from acute/infectious to chronic/degenerative diseases with aging populations, and the impact of factors like food distribution, nutrition, sanitation, education, and economic development. Explore the debate on population aging and the misuse of demographic statistics.
