Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary direction of the pressure gradient force acting on the atmosphere?
What is the primary direction of the pressure gradient force acting on the atmosphere?
- Vertical only
- From high to low pressure (correct)
- Toward areas of increased friction
- From low to high pressure
Which atmospheric force is most significant near the Earth's surface?
Which atmospheric force is most significant near the Earth's surface?
- Tidal force
- Coriolis force
- Friction (correct)
- Gravity
What primary phenomenon drives the Hadley cell circulation in the tropics?
What primary phenomenon drives the Hadley cell circulation in the tropics?
- Seasonal wind shifts
- Uneven heating of the Earth's surface (correct)
- Pressure gradients generated by ocean currents
- Earth's rotation
How does the Coriolis effect influence wind patterns?
How does the Coriolis effect influence wind patterns?
What role does gravity play in atmospheric motion?
What role does gravity play in atmospheric motion?
What is a characteristic of the tropical Hadley cell?
What is a characteristic of the tropical Hadley cell?
Which process is primarily responsible for poleward energy transfer in the atmosphere?
Which process is primarily responsible for poleward energy transfer in the atmosphere?
What major feature distinguishes mid-latitude circulation from other circulation patterns?
What major feature distinguishes mid-latitude circulation from other circulation patterns?
Why do atmospheric circulation features vary by latitude?
Why do atmospheric circulation features vary by latitude?
What is a key characteristic of the monsoon system?
What is a key characteristic of the monsoon system?
What causes the creation of a sea breeze during the day?
What causes the creation of a sea breeze during the day?
What does closely spaced isobars on a map indicate?
What does closely spaced isobars on a map indicate?
How does the Coriolis effect impact winds in the Northern Hemisphere?
How does the Coriolis effect impact winds in the Northern Hemisphere?
Why is the Coriolis effect larger at high latitudes?
Why is the Coriolis effect larger at high latitudes?
What is primarily responsible for seasonal monsoons?
What is primarily responsible for seasonal monsoons?
Which statement about the pressure gradient force is correct?
Which statement about the pressure gradient force is correct?
What phenomenon occurs when the Earth's rotation affects wind direction?
What phenomenon occurs when the Earth's rotation affects wind direction?
Which factor does NOT influence the Coriolis effect?
Which factor does NOT influence the Coriolis effect?
Flashcards
Atmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Circulation
The movement of air in a circular pattern, driven by temperature differences and the rotation of the Earth. It plays a significant role in global weather patterns.
Hadley Cell
Hadley Cell
A large-scale atmospheric circulation cell that dominates the tropics. It features warm, moist air rising near the equator, creating low pressure, and then descending at higher latitudes, resulting in high pressure.
Mid-Latitude Circulation
Mid-Latitude Circulation
A complex circulation pattern found in middle latitudes (around 30-60 degrees). It involves warm air rising near the equator and cold air sinking near the poles.
Monsoon System
Monsoon System
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Poleward Energy Transfer
Poleward Energy Transfer
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Pressure Gradient Force
Pressure Gradient Force
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Force in Meteorology
Force in Meteorology
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Coriolis Force
Coriolis Force
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Pressure Gradient
Pressure Gradient
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Sea Breeze
Sea Breeze
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Isobars
Isobars
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Coriolis Effect
Coriolis Effect
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Coriolis Effect: Latitude Impact
Coriolis Effect: Latitude Impact
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Coriolis Effect: Wind Speed Impact
Coriolis Effect: Wind Speed Impact
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Global Wind Patterns
Global Wind Patterns
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Study Notes
Global Environmental Processes: Atmosphere and Climate System
- Topics covered include forces acting on Earth's fluid bodies (atmosphere and ocean), tropical Hadley cell, mid-latitude circulation, monsoon systems, and latitudinal atmospheric circulation differences.
Learning Outcomes
- Students should be able to summarize forces acting on Earth's fluid bodies.
- Students should be able to describe the major features of the tropical Hadley cell.
- Students should be able to describe the major features of the mid-latitude circulation.
- Students should be able to describe the major features of the monsoon system.
- Students should be able to explain why Earth's atmospheric circulation differs by latitude.
Latitudinal Differences
- Earth receives uneven solar radiation.
- This results in a net heat surplus at the equator and a net heat deficit at the poles.
- The atmosphere and ocean transfer heat from the equator towards the poles.
- This transfer is illustrated in a diagram showing net shortwave and net longwave radiation variations across latitudes.
Energy Transfer
- Ocean currents play a significant role in transferring heat poleward, especially at lower latitudes.
- Atmospheric sensible heat transfer is important in mid-latitudes.
- Latent heat transfer is more complex.
- Heat transfer diagrams display this process.
Dominant Circulation Patterns
- Tropics: Featuring Hadley cell and monsoons.
- Mid-latitudes: Characterized by cyclones, anti-cyclones, and sub-tropical jet streams.
Forces
- Gravity: Acts downwards, not involved in horizontal movement.
- Pressure: Acts from high pressure to low pressure.
- Friction: Acts against the direction of airflow, important near the surface.
- Coriolis: A deflecting force, significant at higher latitudes, and proportional to wind speed and latitude.
Pressure Gradient Force
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Uneven heating of the surface causes a pressure gradient.
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Heated air rises, creating low pressure; cooler air sinks, creating high pressure.
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This pressure difference creates wind, flowing from high to low pressure.
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This is illustrated through diagrammatic examples, such as the sea breeze.
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Isobars: Lines of constant pressure on a weather map. Closely spaced isobars indicate a stronger pressure gradient force, resulting in faster winds.
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