Global Cybercrime and Cybersecurity
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Questions and Answers

What does 'cyber-trespass' include?

Crossing boundaries into others' cyber property, such as hacking and spreading viruses.

Give two examples of cyber-deception and theft.

Identity theft and 'phishing'.

What are the dangers of cyber-pornography?

It includes pornography involving minors and opportunities for children to access porn on the Internet.

How does cyber-violence manifest online?

<p>It includes doing psychological harm or inciting physical harm, like cyber-stalking and hate crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is policing cyber-crime challenging?

<p>The sheer scale of the Internet, limited police resources, and its globalized nature pose problems of jurisdiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new opportunities does ICT provide the police and state?

<p>Greater opportunities for surveillance and control of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Jewkes suggest ICT is used for routine surveillance?

<p>Through the use of CCTV cameras, electronic databases, digital fingerprinting, and 'smart' identity cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'phishing'?

<p>A method used to deceive individuals into providing sensitive information like passwords or credit card details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key feature that makes cyber-crime globalization a concern?

<p>Jurisdiction problems arising from different countries' laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cyber-stalking differ from traditional stalking?

<p>Cyber-stalking is carried out online, often using digital communications and social media to harass or intimidate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Marsh, how much more likely is a violent crime to be reported than a property crime?

<p>36 times more likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term does Felson use to describe the media's portrayal of criminals and victims as older and more middle class?

<p>Age fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the media tend to exaggerate police success in clearing up cases?

<p>Because the police are a major source of crime stories and want to present themselves in a good light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fallacy describes the tendency of media to overplay extraordinary crimes and underplay ordinary crimes?

<p>Dramatic fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe news being the outcome of a social process in which some stories are selected and others are rejected?

<p>Social construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key news values that influence the selection of crime stories?

<p>Immediacy, dramatisation, higher status individuals, violence, and risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cohen's study on 'mods' and 'rockers' illustrate about media response?

<p>It illustrates how media can create moral panics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'ingenuity fallacy' according to Felson?

<p>The belief that committing crime requires daring and cleverness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does media exaggerate the risk of victimization?

<p>By emphasizing threats to women, white people, and higher status individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect might media coverage focusing on unusual and extraordinary events have on public perception of crime?

<p>It can create a self-fulfilling prophecy that amplifies the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles did the media play in the conflict between mods and rockers in 1960s Britain?

<p>Exaggeration and distortion, prediction, symbolism, and deviance amplification spiral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the media's use of exaggeration and distortion affect public perception of the mods and rockers conflict?

<p>It exaggerated the scale of violence and damage, distorting the true picture and heightening public fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'deviance amplification spiral' in the context of the mods and rockers conflict.

<p>The media's portrayal of events created a spiral of fear and overreaction, leading to increased control and marginalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the media's 'prediction' in the context of moral panics?

<p>The media predicted further conflict and violence, contributing to a self-fulfilling prophecy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did symbolism contribute to the moral panic surrounding mods and rockers?

<p>The media used negative labels and stereotypes to associate mods and rockers with deviance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do moral panics often arise during periods of social change?

<p>They arise as a way for society to cope with a sense of anomie and normlessness by identifying a scapegoat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical question does the text raise regarding the 'amplifier' role of the media?

<p>Why the media chooses to amplify certain problems into panics while ignoring others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between the media’s portrayal of events and the response from the police and courts.

<p>The media's portrayal led to increased calls for control from the police and courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of a 'folk devil' relate to moral panics?

<p>A folk devil is a symbol of societal threats used to rally people against a perceived danger during moral panics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the rationality of societal fears during moral panics, according to the left realist view?

<p>The left realist view suggests that people's fear of crime is in fact rational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Global Cyber-crime

  • Cyber-trespass includes hacking and sabotage, spreading viruses, and unauthorized access to others' cyber property.
  • Cyber-deception and theft involve identity theft, phishing, and violation of intellectual property rights.
  • Cyber-pornography includes porn involving minors and access to porn on the Net.
  • Cyber-violence includes cyber-stalking, hate crimes against minority groups, and psychological harm or inciting physical harm.
  • Policing cyber-crime is challenging due to the Internet's scale and global nature, making jurisdiction a problem.

Crime and the Media

  • The media over-represents violent and sexual crime, with violent crimes 36 times more likely to be reported than property crimes.
  • The media portrays criminals and victims as older and more middle class than in reality, known as the "age fallacy."
  • Media coverage exaggerates police success in clearing up cases, partly due to the police being a major source of crime stories.
  • The media exaggerates the risk of victimization, especially for women, white people, and higher status individuals.
  • Crime is reported as separate events without examining underlying causes.
  • The media overplays extraordinary crimes and underplays ordinary crimes, known as the "dramatic fallacy."
  • Media images lead to the "ingenuity fallacy," where crime is seen as requiring daring and cleverness.

News Values and Crime Coverage

  • News is a social construction, with some stories selected and others rejected.
  • News values influence the selection of crime stories, including immediacy, dramatization, higher status individuals, violence, and risk.
  • Crime is newsworthy due to its abnormality, leading to a "crackdown" on the group, which can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Mods and Rockers

  • The media amplified the conflict between mods and rockers in 1960s Britain, exaggerating the scale and damage.
  • The media used negative labels and stereotypes to associate mods and rockers with deviance, fueling prejudice and further marginalization.

Moral Panics in the Media

  • The media plays a significant role in fueling moral panics, such as the mods and rockers conflict.
  • The media's role includes exaggeration and distortion, prediction, symbolism, and deviance amplification spiral.
  • Moral panics often arise during periods of social change and uncertainty, serving as a way for society to cope with a sense of anomie and normlessness.
  • Criticisms of moral panic theory include the disproportionate response and the "amplifier" problem.

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of cybercrime, including cyber-trespass, cyber-deception, cyber-pornography, and cyber-violence, as well as the challenges of policing cybercrime. Test your knowledge on the various aspects of global cybercrime.

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