Global Citizenship 9 L1 - T3 L1: Globalization

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Questions and Answers

What is one key measure to combat phishing attacks?

Recognizing a phishing email is a key measure to combat phishing attacks.

How does spear phishing differ from general phishing?

Spear phishing targets individuals by using personal information to appear more genuine.

What is nichification in the context of online advertising?

Nichification allows consumers to find specific products while enabling targeted advertising.

What is a fundamental challenge in cyberwarfare?

<p>A fundamental challenge in cyberwarfare is the rapid offense-defense cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a key component of a robust cyberdefense strategy.

<p>Firewalls to filter network traffic are a key component of cyberdefense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is data encryption important in cyberdefense?

<p>Data encryption is important as it protects sensitive information from unauthorized access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of user training in cyberdefense?

<p>User training plays a role in educating network users about security best practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do search engines benefit from nichification?

<p>Search engines benefit from nichification by generating revenue through targeted ads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Internet play in the global economy?

<p>The Internet is essential for the functioning of the global economy as it supports utility services and development programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between misinformation and disinformation.

<p>Misinformation is inaccurate information shared without intent to deceive, while disinformation is intentional falsehoods aimed at deception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the World Wide Web be a tool for oppression?

<p>The World Wide Web can be used by states to monitor dissenters and restrict freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phishing and how does it typically occur?

<p>Phishing is a method where individuals are tricked into revealing personal information, often through deceptive emails requesting account security actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are undersea internet cables considered vulnerable?

<p>Undersea internet cables can be targeted for disruption or destruction by hostile states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spear phishing from general phishing?

<p>Spear phishing is a targeted form of phishing aimed at specific individuals, often involving personalized messages to increase deception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can cyberspace be considered a battleground?

<p>Cyberspace is a battleground for state-sponsored cyber attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cybercriminals typically exploit the weakness of the Internet?

<p>Cybercriminals exploit the Internet by using various tactics, such as phishing, to deceive individuals into sharing sensitive information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is global connectivity?

<p>Global connectivity is the ability of computers and electronic equipment to connect with the internet or other computers around the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the electric telegraph change communication in the late 1800s?

<p>The electric telegraph allowed messages to be sent and received on the same day, significantly speeding up communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do internet cables play in global connectivity?

<p>Internet cables are essential as they are the wires that enable computers to access the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define cybercrime.

<p>Cybercrime is defined as a crime committed by means of computers or the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant benefit of the World Wide Web?

<p>The World Wide Web made information available anywhere in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is telecommunications related to globalization?

<p>Telecommunications allows for the sending and receiving of messages globally, which is a key aspect of globalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ping time average mentioned in the context of high-speed internet?

<p>The average ping time is just over 200 milliseconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes it challenging for businesses to operate without global connectivity?

<p>Without global connectivity, businesses and organizations would struggle to function effectively on a global scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Global Connectivity

The ability of computers and other devices to connect to the internet or other systems globally.

Internet (Data) Cables

Wires that allow computers to access the internet.

Network

A group of computers linked together for sharing information.

Telecommunications

Sending and receiving messages via various technologies like telephones, computers, and radio.

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World Wide Web

The system for making information accessible worldwide through computers.

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Internet

A global network of interconnected computer systems.

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Cybercrime

Criminal activity committed using computers or the internet.

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Ping

The time it takes for a small amount of data to travel from one point to another and back.

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Disinformation

The act of intentionally spreading false information, knowing it is untrue, to deceive or manipulate others.

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Misinformation

Unintentional sharing of inaccurate information, often due to misunderstanding or lack of verification.

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Phishing

The act of using fraudulent means to trick someone into revealing personal information, often through emails, messages, or fake websites.

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Spear phishing

A targeted form of phishing that uses specific information about an individual or organization to make the attack more convincing.

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Cyberspace

A virtual space where digital information and activities are conducted, often involving computers and networks.

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Undersea internet cables

Undersea cables that carry vast amounts of internet traffic between continents.

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Nichification

The practice of enabling users to find specific products or services that meet their needs.

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Offense-Defense Cycle

A key strategy used by both attackers and defenders in cyberwarfare. It refers to the constant back-and-forth between new attacks and improved defenses.

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Firewalls

A key component of cyberdefense that involves filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic.

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Data Encryption

A technique used to protect sensitive information by scrambling it so only authorized parties can understand it.

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Intrusion Prevention and Detection

Tools and techniques employed to prevent or detect unauthorized access to computer systems or networks.

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Physical Security

Protecting physical equipment like servers and data centers to prevent unauthorized access or damage.

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User Training and Monitoring

Educating and training users to recognize and avoid cyber threats, and constantly monitoring network activity for suspicious behavior.

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Study Notes

Global Citizenship 9 L1 - T3 L1: Globalization and Interdependence

  • Global Connectivity: The ability of computers and other electronic devices to connect with the internet or other computers globally.

  • Internet (Data) Cables: Wires facilitating computer access to the internet.

  • Network: A group of interconnected computers enabling data sharing.

  • Telecommunications: The transmission of messages via various methods (telephone, computer, radio, television).

  • World Wide Web: A system making information globally accessible.

  • Internet: A vast electronic network connecting computer networks and facilities worldwide.

  • Cybercrime: Criminal activities performed using computers or the internet.

Introduction

  • In the early 1800s, the fastest cargo ships took nearly 100 days to sail from Hong Kong to London (11,000 nautical miles / 20,000 km).

  • The late 1800s introduction of the telegraph allowed for rapid communication.

Internet & World Wide Web

  • The world economy relies heavily on the Internet and World Wide Web.

  • Essential services like electricity and transportation depend on these technologies.

  • Development programs like BBC Janala rely on them for their operations.

  • The World Wide Web is vulnerable to various forms of malicious activity.

  • The "dark web" allows for criminal use and is often a target for state-sponsored cyber attacks.

Misinformation vs. Disinformation

  • Misinformation: Inaccurate information shared unintentionally.

  • Disinformation: Deliberately false information spread for a specific purpose (political, commercial, or ideological).

Phishing & Spear Phishing

  • Phishing: A technique to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information (logins, passwords, financial details).

  • Spear Phishing: A targeted form of phishing, using personal details to improve the success rate.

Impact of the Internet on Education and Knowledge Production

  • The internet has significantly affected various sectors, including commerce and industry.

  • The impact on educational institutions and knowledge production is considerable and complex.

Nichification

  • Nichifification is a process that enables consumers to find specific products or services that meet their needs.

  • This creates opportunities for advertisers to target consumers effectively.

Cyberwarfare Challenges and Strategies

  • Cyberattacks on networks are ongoing and challenging.

  • Attackers must overcome existing defenses while defenders must continuously adapt.

  • Cyberdefense strategies focus on filtering network traffic, data encryption, preventing intrusions, physical security of equipment, and user monitoring.

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