GLM Routes to Offending Analysis

Good Lives Model (GLM) of Offending

• Routes to Offending:

  • Direct: Individuals pursue goals through harmful behaviors, such as sexual offending or theft due to unmet needs for intimacy or financial stability.
  • Indirect: Goals may cause distress leading to criminal behavior, e.g., loneliness triggering maladaptive coping like alcohol use, resulting in loss of control and offending.

• Assessment and Treatment Considerations:

  • Evaluate the nature and extent of damage (focal vs. diffuse) and predict future functioning, including permanence of damage.
  • Focus on interventions for rehabilitation and treatment planning to mitigate offending behavior.

Clinical Neuropsychology

• Assessment Interpretation:

  • Use normative data comparison, analyze difference scores, and recognize brain damage signs.
  • Patterns in assessment scores may indicate specific neurological impairments.

• Variables Affecting Performance:

  • Consider factors like age, sex, education, handedness, chronic neurological conditions, and motivators (medication, arousal).

• Intervention Strategies:

  • Aim to remediate neurological issues, helping clients relearn skills and develop new strategies.
  • Incorporate environmental modifications and external aids to support activity participation.

• Research Evidence:

  • Limited findings show modest gains in areas like attention and language deficits.
  • Emphasize prediction and rehabilitation effectiveness.

• Training Requirements:

  • Specialty training recognized by professional associations, beginning with general clinical psychology, supplemented with specific neuropsychology courses.
  • Opportunities for postdoctoral training and board certification.

Clinical Forensic Psychology

• Intervention Goals:

  • Reduce reoffending risk and restore mental competency.
  • Tackle issues like personality disorders, sexual behavior, and aggression through various therapeutic techniques.

• Court-Ordered Treatment:

  • Often mandated by legal authorities, establishing a different power dynamic as the government acts as the client.
  • Ethical considerations, including limited confidentiality.

The Good Lives Model of Offender Treatment

• Strengths-Based Approach:

  • Focuses on equipping offenders with skills for a meaningful, socially acceptable life.
  • Goals: enhance well-being and reduce recidivism.

• Theoretical Assumptions:

  • Offending is seen as a flawed attempt to attain primary goods, facing obstacles like lack of means, coherence, capacity, and scope in achieving those goods.

• Primary Goods Identified:

  • Include life, knowledge, excellence in play and work, agency, inner peace, relatedness, community, spirituality, pleasure, and creativity.

RNR Model of Offender Treatment

• Three Principles:

  • Risk: Tailor interventions to the individual’s risk level; lower risk may need less intensive intervention to avoid negative effects.
  • Needs: Address empirically validated risk factors pertinent to the individual.
  • Responsivity: Customize interventions based on personal needs like mental health status.

• Central 8 Risk Factors:

  • Include antisocial attitudes, substance abuse, impulsive personality traits, poor relationships, leisure management issues, and historical criminal behavior.

Motivational Interviewing

• Counseling Approach:

  • A directive, client-centered style aimed at eliciting behavior change through resolving ambivalence.

• Utility Across Settings:

  • Initially developed for alcoholism but widely applicable in health and forensic settings to assist in fostering change by highlighting discrepancies in self-perception and desired outcomes.