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Questions and Answers
What alteration is commonly observed in IDH-mutated tumors?
What alteration is commonly observed in IDH-mutated tumors?
Which enzyme activity is interfered with by the increased production of 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutated tumors?
Which enzyme activity is interfered with by the increased production of 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutated tumors?
What is a common genetic alteration found in oligodendrogliomas?
What is a common genetic alteration found in oligodendrogliomas?
Which brain region is most commonly affected by midline gliomas?
Which brain region is most commonly affected by midline gliomas?
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What contributes to the immortalization of tumor cells in glioblastomas?
What contributes to the immortalization of tumor cells in glioblastomas?
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In IDH-mutated tumors, what is uncommonly observed compared to tumors with telomerase mutations?
In IDH-mutated tumors, what is uncommonly observed compared to tumors with telomerase mutations?
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What mechanism is involved in preserving telomere length in tumors with loss of function mutations in ATRX?
What mechanism is involved in preserving telomere length in tumors with loss of function mutations in ATRX?
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Which system do ependymomas most often arise next to?
Which system do ependymomas most often arise next to?
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Where are medulloblastomas located in children?
Where are medulloblastomas located in children?
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What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed individuals?
What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed individuals?
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What percentage of intracranial tumors does Primary CNS lymphoma account for?
What percentage of intracranial tumors does Primary CNS lymphoma account for?
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What virus are primary brain lymphomas nearly always positive for?
What virus are primary brain lymphomas nearly always positive for?
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At what age does the incidence of primary brain lymphoma increase in nonimmunosuppressed populations?
At what age does the incidence of primary brain lymphoma increase in nonimmunosuppressed populations?
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What is the color and texture of a medulloblastoma as described in the text?
What is the color and texture of a medulloblastoma as described in the text?
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How does primary brain lymphoma respond to chemotherapy compared to peripheral lymphomas?
How does primary brain lymphoma respond to chemotherapy compared to peripheral lymphomas?
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What is a characteristic feature of patients with primary brain lymphoma according to the text?
What is a characteristic feature of patients with primary brain lymphoma according to the text?
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What is the main reason that even low-grade lesions in the brain can lead to serious deficits and poor prognosis?
What is the main reason that even low-grade lesions in the brain can lead to serious deficits and poor prognosis?
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Which type of glioma accounts for about 80% of adult gliomas?
Which type of glioma accounts for about 80% of adult gliomas?
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What is the most common age group for astrocytomas to occur in adults?
What is the most common age group for astrocytomas to occur in adults?
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Which of the following is a common symptom associated with diffuse astrocytomas?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with diffuse astrocytomas?
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Why do histologic patterns continue to guide treatment of gliomas despite molecular characterization?
Why do histologic patterns continue to guide treatment of gliomas despite molecular characterization?
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What can influence the outcome of a neoplasm apart from histologic classification?
What can influence the outcome of a neoplasm apart from histologic classification?
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Which type of glioma is classified based on morphologic resemblance to different types of glial cells?
Which type of glioma is classified based on morphologic resemblance to different types of glial cells?
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Why do even highly malignant gliomas rarely spread outside of the CNS?
Why do even highly malignant gliomas rarely spread outside of the CNS?
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What is the principal neurologic manifestation of hemangioblastoma?
What is the principal neurologic manifestation of hemangioblastoma?
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Which part of the brain is hemangioblastoma most commonly found in?
Which part of the brain is hemangioblastoma most commonly found in?
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What is the main association of hemangioblastoma in the brain?
What is the main association of hemangioblastoma in the brain?
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Which feature is characteristic of the neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
Which feature is characteristic of the neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
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What is the role of primary cilia in brain development according to the text?
What is the role of primary cilia in brain development according to the text?
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Which condition is NOT mentioned as typically being affected by hemangioblastomas?
Which condition is NOT mentioned as typically being affected by hemangioblastomas?
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In which publication was the role of primary cilia in brain development explored?
In which publication was the role of primary cilia in brain development explored?
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What type of disorder was mentioned in relation to disruptions in cortical development?
What type of disorder was mentioned in relation to disruptions in cortical development?
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What is the characteristic appearance of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
What is the characteristic appearance of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
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Which proteins are disrupted in tuberous sclerosis resulting in increased mTOR activity?
Which proteins are disrupted in tuberous sclerosis resulting in increased mTOR activity?
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What is the role of the TSC protein complex in cellular metabolism?
What is the role of the TSC protein complex in cellular metabolism?
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Which lesions are extracerebral in tuberous sclerosis?
Which lesions are extracerebral in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is the dark color of tumor nodules in metastatic melanoma attributed to?
What is the dark color of tumor nodules in metastatic melanoma attributed to?
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Which cellular features are characteristic of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
Which cellular features are characteristic of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is the main disruption caused by loss of TSC1 or TSC2 proteins in tuberous sclerosis?
What is the main disruption caused by loss of TSC1 or TSC2 proteins in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is a characteristic cutaneous lesion associated with tuberous sclerosis?
What is a characteristic cutaneous lesion associated with tuberous sclerosis?
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