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Questions and Answers
What alteration is commonly observed in IDH-mutated tumors?
Which enzyme activity is interfered with by the increased production of 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutated tumors?
What is a common genetic alteration found in oligodendrogliomas?
Which brain region is most commonly affected by midline gliomas?
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What contributes to the immortalization of tumor cells in glioblastomas?
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In IDH-mutated tumors, what is uncommonly observed compared to tumors with telomerase mutations?
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What mechanism is involved in preserving telomere length in tumors with loss of function mutations in ATRX?
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Which system do ependymomas most often arise next to?
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Where are medulloblastomas located in children?
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What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed individuals?
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What percentage of intracranial tumors does Primary CNS lymphoma account for?
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What virus are primary brain lymphomas nearly always positive for?
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At what age does the incidence of primary brain lymphoma increase in nonimmunosuppressed populations?
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What is the color and texture of a medulloblastoma as described in the text?
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How does primary brain lymphoma respond to chemotherapy compared to peripheral lymphomas?
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What is a characteristic feature of patients with primary brain lymphoma according to the text?
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What is the main reason that even low-grade lesions in the brain can lead to serious deficits and poor prognosis?
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Which type of glioma accounts for about 80% of adult gliomas?
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What is the most common age group for astrocytomas to occur in adults?
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Which of the following is a common symptom associated with diffuse astrocytomas?
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Why do histologic patterns continue to guide treatment of gliomas despite molecular characterization?
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What can influence the outcome of a neoplasm apart from histologic classification?
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Which type of glioma is classified based on morphologic resemblance to different types of glial cells?
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Why do even highly malignant gliomas rarely spread outside of the CNS?
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What is the principal neurologic manifestation of hemangioblastoma?
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Which part of the brain is hemangioblastoma most commonly found in?
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What is the main association of hemangioblastoma in the brain?
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Which feature is characteristic of the neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
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What is the role of primary cilia in brain development according to the text?
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Which condition is NOT mentioned as typically being affected by hemangioblastomas?
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In which publication was the role of primary cilia in brain development explored?
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What type of disorder was mentioned in relation to disruptions in cortical development?
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What is the characteristic appearance of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
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Which proteins are disrupted in tuberous sclerosis resulting in increased mTOR activity?
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What is the role of the TSC protein complex in cellular metabolism?
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Which lesions are extracerebral in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is the dark color of tumor nodules in metastatic melanoma attributed to?
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Which cellular features are characteristic of cortical hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is the main disruption caused by loss of TSC1 or TSC2 proteins in tuberous sclerosis?
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What is a characteristic cutaneous lesion associated with tuberous sclerosis?
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