Glenohumeral Joint Abduction

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Questions and Answers

The abductors of the genohumeral joint are:

Supraspinatous, deltoid (all fibres)

Flexors of the glenohumeral joint are:

Deltoid (anterior fibres), pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

Internal rotators of the glenohumeral joint are:

Subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

Adductors of the glenohumeral joint are:

<p>Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, (teres major, subscapularis)</p>
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Extensors of the glenohumeral joint are:

<p>Latissimus dorsi, deltoid (posterior fibres), triceps brachii</p>
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External rotators of the glenohumeral joint are:

<p>Infraspinatous, teres major</p>
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Elevators of the scapula are:

<p>trapezius (superior fibres), levator scapulae</p>
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Depressors of the scapula are:

<p>trapezius (inferior fibres)</p>
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Protractors of the scapula are:

<p>Pectoralis major, seratus anterior</p>
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Retraction and medial rotation of the scapula are:

<p>Levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius (middle fibres)</p>
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Study Notes

Glenohumeral Joint Abduction

Definition

  • Glenohumeral joint abduction: the movement of the humerus (upper arm bone) away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane, resulting in the arm moving outward and upward.

Muscles Involved

  • Primary movers:
    • Deltoid muscle (anterior and middle fibers)
    • Supraspinatus muscle
  • Secondary movers:
    • Trapezius muscle
    • Serratus anterior muscle

Range of Motion

  • Normal range of motion: 0-180° ( arm at side to arm fully abducted)
  • Average range of motion: 150-160°

Movement Pattern

  • Initial phase (0-30°): scapula rotates downward and upward, humerus abducted by supraspinatus and deltoid muscles
  • Middle phase (30-90°): scapula rotates upward and outward, humerus abducted by deltoid and trapezius muscles
  • Late phase (90-180°): scapula rotates upward and outward, humerus abducted by deltoid and serratus anterior muscles

Importance

  • Essential for many daily activities, such as:
    • Reaching for objects
    • Throwing
    • Lifting
    • Carrying
  • Abnormalities in glenohumeral joint abduction can lead to:
    • Shoulder impingement
    • Rotator cuff injuries
    • Scapular winging

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