Questions and Answers
What is glaucoma?
A group of diseases that can cause loss of vision due to damage to the optic nerve.
Which of the following are risk factors for glaucoma? (Select all that apply)
Intraocular pressure (IOP) normally ranges from 10-21 mmHg.
True
What are the predominant mechanisms of action of treatments for open-angle glaucoma?
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The fluid that bathes and nourishes the eye is called ______.
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What is the role of a pharmacist in managing open-angle glaucoma?
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Which of the following medications are used in the management of open-angle glaucoma? (Select all that apply)
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Glaucoma can cause ___________ if left untreated.
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There is a cure for glaucoma.
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At what rate can open-angle glaucoma progress from one eye to both eyes in 5-10 years?
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Study Notes
Overview of Glaucoma
- Glaucoma is a collection of diseases that may lead to vision loss due to optic nerve damage.
- Early detection and proper management are crucial as loss of vision is irreversible.
- Approximately 2% of Australians will develop glaucoma during their lifetime.
Types and Causes
- Glaucoma is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), typically ranging from 10-21 mmHg.
- Risk factors include living in rural areas, exposure to UV light, diabetes, and an aging population.
- Increased IOP results from an imbalance between aqueous humor production and drainage.
Aqueous Humor and IOP
- Aqueous humor nourishes and maintains optimal pressure in the eye.
- It travels from the ciliary body through the anterior chamber and exits via the trabecular meshwork.
- Blockages in drainage lead to increased IOP, potentially causing optic nerve damage and vision loss.
Clinical Presentation
- Open-angle glaucoma can affect one or both eyes, with a high likelihood of bilateral progression (up to 80% within 5-10 years).
- Peripheral vision loss is often the first sign of glaucoma.
Pharmacological Options
- Common medications include:
- Latanoprost
- Timolol
- Dorzolamide
- Brimonidine
- These medications vary in mechanisms and usage based on individual patient needs.
Treatment Options and Monitoring
- Combination therapies can enhance effectiveness in managing open-angle glaucoma.
- Pharmacists play a key role in administering eye drops and monitoring patient compliance.
- Goals include reducing IOP and preventing further nerve damage.
Mechanisms of Action
- Different classes of medications function uniquely:
- Beta-blockers: Reduce aqueous humor production.
- Prostaglandin analogues: Increase aqueous humor outflow.
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Decrease production of aqueous humor.
- Alpha-2 agonists: Decrease production and increase outflow.
- Cholinergic agents: Increase outflow of aqueous fluid.
Role of Pharmacists
- Pharmacists can optimize responses to therapy by improving compliance and educating patients on proper eye drop administration techniques.
- Routine monitoring of IOP and patient progress is essential for ongoing management.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts surrounding glaucoma, including its definition, risk factors, and pharmacological treatments. Learn about the mechanisms of action for various therapy options and explore treatment choices for open-angle glaucoma. Review your knowledge of this important topic in eye health.
