41 Questions
What is glaucoma characterized by?
ONH Atrophy and secondary induced programmed retinal ganglion cell death
What are the primary mechanisms of damage (PMOD) in glaucoma?
Elevated intraocular pressure and decreased ocular blood flow
What are the two outflow methods causing elevated intraocular pressure?
Resistance to Trabecular Aqueous Outflow and Resistance to Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow
What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?
Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen
What is the formula for Ocular Blood Flow (OBF)?
OBF = Perfusion Pressure of Artery - Perfusion Pressure of Vein
What factors lead to decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)?
Decreased Diastolic BP/Elevated IOP and Vasculospastic DX/Hyperviscosity Syndrome/EIOP
What concept is related to Ocular Biomechanical Properties (OBMP)?
Vascular Concept of OBF
What is the role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP?
Break down collagen between fibers, thus decreasing IOP
What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?
Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen
Which factor is viewed as a protective factor for corneal rigidity?
Central Corneal Thickness (CCT)
What does an increase in Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate?
Better biomechanics and more ability to hold pressure
What does a higher Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply?
More rigidity and higher IOP
Which factor does the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) measure?
IOP by applanation of the cornea
What does decreased Corneal Hysteresis (CH) lead to?
Increased IOP
What is the relation of cupping in the optic disc size to glaucoma risk?
0.4/0.4-1.5mm: more risk
Which factor is not a strong risk factor for glaucoma?
Diabetes
What does long axial length in myopia lead to?
Decreased blood flow
What is the primary race associated with primary open-angle glaucoma?
Black
What is the goal of Pharmacological Medical Therapy for glaucoma?
Reduction in the mean IOP
What does elevated IOP relate to in terms of glaucoma risk?
Increased risk of optic neuropathy
What is the mechanism believed to lead to cell death in glaucoma due to glutamate excitotoxicity?
Increased Mg+ influx
Which factor is related to the ability of the cornea to absorb energy?
Corneal Hysteresis (CH)
What is the role of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in glaucoma?
Causing cell death
What does an increase in Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate?
Better biomechanics and more ability to hold pressure
What does long axial length in myopia lead to?
Decreased blood flow
What is the mechanism believed to lead to cell death in glaucoma due to glutamate excitotoxicity?
Increased Ca+ Influx
What does elevated IOP relate to in terms of glaucoma risk?
Optic neuropathy
What factors lead to decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)?
Myopia and diabetes
What is the formula for Ocular Blood Flow (OBF)?
OBF = CRF - CCT
What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?
Decreasing IOP through alternative outflow pathway
What does a higher Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply?
Increased IOP
What is the primary role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP?
Enhancing uveoscleral outflow
What are the primary mechanisms of damage (PMOD) in glaucoma?
Elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) and Decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)
What causes EIOP in glaucoma?
Resistance to Trabecular Aqueous Outflow (TO) and Resistance to Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)
What is the relationship between Ocular Blood Flow (OBF) and Diastolic BP (DBP) in glaucoma?
Decreased DBP leads to Uncompensated DOPP and decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)
What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO) and its relation to IOP?
USO Mechanism: Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen
What is the role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP in glaucoma?
Prostaglandin agonists break down collagen between fibers, thus decreasing IOP
What concept is related to Ocular Biomechanical Properties (OBMP) in glaucoma?
Corneal Hysteresis (CH) and Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF)
What does a higher Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate in glaucoma?
Greater corneal viscoelastic properties and better prognosis
What does an increase in Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply in glaucoma?
Stiffer cornea and increased risk of progression
What does long axial length in myopia lead to in terms of glaucoma risk?
Increased risk of glaucoma development
Test your knowledge of ocular anti-hypertensive drugs used in the management of glaucoma with this quiz. Learn about the mechanisms of damage, elevated intraocular pressure, and evidence-based support for glaucoma treatment.
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