Glaucoma Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is glaucoma characterized by?

  • Schlemm Canal resistance and ciliary muscle bypassing
  • ONH Atrophy and secondary induced programmed retinal ganglion cell death (correct)
  • Decreased Ocular Blood Flow and increased IOP
  • Increased Episcleral VP and decreased Diastolic BP

What are the primary mechanisms of damage (PMOD) in glaucoma?

  • Resistance to Trabecular Aqueous Outflow and resistance to Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow
  • Elevated intraocular pressure and decreased ocular blood flow (correct)
  • Vasculospastic DX and hyperviscosity syndrome
  • Increased herniation of TM cytoskeleton and decreased inflammatory signaling to EC Schlemm Canal

What are the two outflow methods causing elevated intraocular pressure?

  • Vasculospastic DX and hyperviscosity syndrome
  • Decreased diastolic BP and increased episcleral VP
  • Increased herniation of TM cytoskeleton and decreased inflammatory signaling to EC Schlemm Canal
  • Resistance to Trabecular Aqueous Outflow and Resistance to Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (correct)

What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?

<p>Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Ocular Blood Flow (OBF)?

<p>OBF = Perfusion Pressure of Artery - Perfusion Pressure of Vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors lead to decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)?

<p>Decreased Diastolic BP/Elevated IOP and Vasculospastic DX/Hyperviscosity Syndrome/EIOP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is related to Ocular Biomechanical Properties (OBMP)?

<p>Vascular Concept of OBF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP?

<p>Break down collagen between fibers, thus decreasing IOP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?

<p>Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is viewed as a protective factor for corneal rigidity?

<p>Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate?

<p>Better biomechanics and more ability to hold pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply?

<p>More rigidity and higher IOP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) measure?

<p>IOP by applanation of the cornea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does decreased Corneal Hysteresis (CH) lead to?

<p>Increased IOP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of cupping in the optic disc size to glaucoma risk?

<p>0.4/0.4-1.5mm: more risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not a strong risk factor for glaucoma?

<p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does long axial length in myopia lead to?

<p>Decreased blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary race associated with primary open-angle glaucoma?

<p>Black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Pharmacological Medical Therapy for glaucoma?

<p>Reduction in the mean IOP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does elevated IOP relate to in terms of glaucoma risk?

<p>Increased risk of optic neuropathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism believed to lead to cell death in glaucoma due to glutamate excitotoxicity?

<p>Increased Mg+ influx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is related to the ability of the cornea to absorb energy?

<p>Corneal Hysteresis (CH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in glaucoma?

<p>Causing cell death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate?

<p>Better biomechanics and more ability to hold pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does long axial length in myopia lead to?

<p>Decreased blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism believed to lead to cell death in glaucoma due to glutamate excitotoxicity?

<p>Increased Ca+ Influx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does elevated IOP relate to in terms of glaucoma risk?

<p>Optic neuropathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors lead to decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF)?

<p>Myopia and diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Ocular Blood Flow (OBF)?

<p>OBF = CRF - CCT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO)?

<p>Decreasing IOP through alternative outflow pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply?

<p>Increased IOP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP?

<p>Enhancing uveoscleral outflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary mechanisms of damage (PMOD) in glaucoma?

<p>Elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) and Decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes EIOP in glaucoma?

<p>Resistance to Trabecular Aqueous Outflow (TO) and Resistance to Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Ocular Blood Flow (OBF) and Diastolic BP (DBP) in glaucoma?

<p>Decreased DBP leads to Uncompensated DOPP and decreased Ocular Blood Flow (DOBF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Uveoscleral Aqueous Outflow (USO) and its relation to IOP?

<p>USO Mechanism: Goes back to ciliary body through CB Band, through ciliary muscle bypassing muscle fibers which are restricted by collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Prostaglandin agonists in decreasing IOP in glaucoma?

<p>Prostaglandin agonists break down collagen between fibers, thus decreasing IOP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is related to Ocular Biomechanical Properties (OBMP) in glaucoma?

<p>Corneal Hysteresis (CH) and Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher Corneal Hysteresis (CH) value indicate in glaucoma?

<p>Greater corneal viscoelastic properties and better prognosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) imply in glaucoma?

<p>Stiffer cornea and increased risk of progression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does long axial length in myopia lead to in terms of glaucoma risk?

<p>Increased risk of glaucoma development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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