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Glacier Movement and Plastic Flow
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Glacier Movement and Plastic Flow

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Questions and Answers

Glaciers are considered reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle.

  • False
  • Not mentioned in the text
  • True (correct)
  • Partially true

    • What percentage of the non-saltwater supply do glaciers account for?

  • 50%
  • 75% (correct)
  • 100%
  • 25%

    • Where can glaciers form?

  • In high mountain areas, poles, and the equator (correct)
  • Only in high mountain areas
  • Only at the poles
  • Only at the equator

    • What type of glaciers are found in Glacier National Park in Montana and Canada?

    <p>Valley or alpine glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continents currently have ice sheets?

    <p>Antarctica and Greenland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the last glacial maximum occur?

    <p>18,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Pleistocene epoch known for?

    <p>Ice ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glacier movement is true?

    <p>Glaciers move at a speed of 3 to 6 feet per day or 1 to 2 meters per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plastic flow in the context of glacier movement?

    <p>The solid state of the glacier while still flowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes crevasses in glaciers?

    <p>The movement of the glacier at different speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of glaciers?

    <p>Pressure and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the zone of fracture in a glacier?

    <p>The top part of the glacier where it flows at a different speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glaciers move along the ground?

    <p>By slipping along the ground facilitated by water underneath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are crevasses in glaciers?

    <p>Cracks in the ice caused by the movement of the glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the similarity between glacier movement and the movement of rocks in the mantle?

    <p>Both move through plastic flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a glacier is in the mountains?

    <p>Zone of accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of a glacier?

    <p>Zone of accumulation and zone of wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balance between accumulation and wastage called?

    <p>Glacial budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if accumulation exceeds wastage?

    <p>The glacier advances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the deposits of rocks and debris left by glaciers called?

    <p>Moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes cracks called crevasses to develop in glaciers?

    <p>The top part of the glacier flowing faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can form on the outwash plain of a glacier due to high sediment and low slope?

    <p>Braided streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a glacial erosional feature?

    <p>Striations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives glacial meltwater a whitish appearance?

    <p>Pulverized rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hanging valley?

    <p>A valley formed when a smaller glacier joins a larger one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a horn?

    <p>A peak eroded on three sides by glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glacial drift?

    <p>Any deposit of glacial origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main processes of glacial erosion?

    <p>Plucking and scouring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glacial polish?

    <p>The result of the bottom of the glacier sliding over sand and rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some glacial features that can be seen in the Sierra mountains?

    <p>Striations, glacial polish, erratics, tarns, and moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the elongated structures created by a glacier moving over hills?

    <p>Drumlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area in front of a glacier where water is flowing out?

    <p>Outwash plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hills created by a glacier moving over them?

    <p>Drumlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small lakes formed when ice gets trapped in the ground moraine?

    <p>Kettle lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conical-shaped deposits created when sediment gets trapped in the bottom of a pothole and then falls straight down when the glacier melts?

    <p>Kame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the last ice age, what caused the formation of massive river channels in central and eastern Washington?

    <p>Glacial meltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lakes that existed in the past and were massive in size during the ice age?

    <p>Pluvial lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate depth of Death Valley when it was covered by ice during the ice age?

    <p>Four to five hundred feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the melting glaciers during the ice age change in terms of migration?

    <p>Migration of animals and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that caused worldwide change in sea levels during the ice age?

    <p>Melting glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which epoch was the sea level nearly 330 feet lower than it is today?

    <p>Pleistocene walk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current state of the glaciers mentioned in the text?

    <p>They are basically gone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible consequence of melting glaciers?

    <p>Sea level rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sea level change mentioned in the text?

    <p>It can go up or down by 330 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time period mentioned in the text when the glaciers were mostly gone?

    <p>Ever since the Pleistocene walk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glacier Movement and Plastic Flow

    • Glaciers move like slow-moving rivers and have similar features to rivers
    • Some glaciers can move at a speed of 3 to 6 feet per day or 1 to 2 meters per day
    • Glaciers generally move very slow over long periods of time
    • Glaciers move through plastic flow, similar to the movement of rocks in the mantle
    • Plastic flow refers to the solid state of the glacier while still flowing
    • The bottom part of the glacier moves at a different speed than the top part, causing crevasses
    • The movement of the glacier is driven by pressure and weight, similar to mantle convection driving plate tectonics
    • The weight of the glacier itself causes it to move through plastic flow
    • The glacier also slips along the ground, facilitated by water underneath it
    • The uppermost part of the glacier is called the zone of fracture, where it flows at a different speed
    • Crevasses are cracks in the ice caused by the movement of the glacier
    • There are videos available to learn more about glaciers and their movement

    Glacial Erosion and Deposition

    • The valley in the video is mostly filled with water due to glacial melt.
    • Many glaciers in the area are disappearing.
    • The Sierra mountains were completely covered by ice during the last ice age.
    • Glaciers erode through plucking and scouring.
    • Glacial erosion creates grooves in the bedrock called striations.
    • Meltwater from glaciers contains pulverized rock, giving it a whitish appearance.
    • Glacial polish occurs when the bottom of the glacier slides over sand and rocks.
    • Various glacial features can be seen in the Sierra mountains, including striations, glacial polish, erratics, tarns, and moraines.
    • Erosional features caused by glaciers include glacial valleys, hanging valleys, horns, and cirques.
    • A hanging valley is formed when a smaller glacier joins a larger one.
    • A horn is a peak eroded on three sides by glaciers.
    • Glacial drift refers to any deposit of glacial origin, with till being directly deposited by the ice and stratified drift by meltwater.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on how glaciers move and the process of plastic flow with this informative quiz. Learn about the similarities between glaciers and rivers, the different speeds at which glaciers can move, and the factors that drive their movement. Discover the concept of plastic flow and its role in glacier movement, as well as the formation of crevasses. Explore the influence of pressure, weight, and water on glacier movement, and delve into the fascinating world of these icy giants.

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