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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What does 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?
What does 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?
- The idea that all Native Americans should be relocated.
- The belief that government should control trade.
- A notion held by Americans that the United States was destined to rule from the Atlantic to the Pacific. (correct)
- A movement advocating for women's rights in the 19th century.
Who founded the Mormons?
Who founded the Mormons?
Joseph Smith
What were Californios?
What were Californios?
- Mexicans who lived in California. (correct)
- American pioneers who moved west.
- Indigenous tribes of California.
- The first settlers in California.
What was the Texas Revolution?
What was the Texas Revolution?
Who were Tejanos?
Who were Tejanos?
What was the significance of the Election of 1844?
What was the significance of the Election of 1844?
What is a 'Dark Horse' candidate?
What is a 'Dark Horse' candidate?
What was the outcome of the Mexican-American War?
What was the outcome of the Mexican-American War?
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Who won the presidential election of 1848?
Who won the presidential election of 1848?
What was the 'Gold Rush'?
What was the 'Gold Rush'?
What did the Free Soilers oppose?
What did the Free Soilers oppose?
The Compromise of 1850 included California being admitted as a __________ state.
The Compromise of 1850 included California being admitted as a __________ state.
What did Popular Sovereignty allow?
What did Popular Sovereignty allow?
What was the goal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
What was the goal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Who was the Republican Party formed by?
Who was the Republican Party formed by?
The 'Know-Nothings' party was clearly defined in its platform.
The 'Know-Nothings' party was clearly defined in its platform.
What does 'Bleeding Kansas' refer to?
What does 'Bleeding Kansas' refer to?
Who won the presidential election of 1856?
Who won the presidential election of 1856?
What was the Dred Scott Decision?
What was the Dred Scott Decision?
What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates about?
What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates about?
What was the purpose of John Brown's raid?
What was the purpose of John Brown's raid?
What was the Ostend Manifesto?
What was the Ostend Manifesto?
Who were the Fire Eaters?
Who were the Fire Eaters?
What resulted from the Election of 1860?
What resulted from the Election of 1860?
What is secession?
What is secession?
What did the Confederate States of America represent?
What did the Confederate States of America represent?
What was the Crittenden Compromise?
What was the Crittenden Compromise?
What event marked the beginning of the Civil War?
What event marked the beginning of the Civil War?
Who was Winfield Scott?
Who was Winfield Scott?
Who was Stephen Douglas?
Who was Stephen Douglas?
Who was Joseph Smith?
Who was Joseph Smith?
Who was John Brown?
Who was John Brown?
Who was Zachary Taylor?
Who was Zachary Taylor?
Who was Millard Fillmore?
Who was Millard Fillmore?
Who was Martin Van Buren?
Who was Martin Van Buren?
Who was John Fremont?
Who was John Fremont?
Who was Roger Taney?
Who was Roger Taney?
Who was Sam Houston?
Who was Sam Houston?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Key Concepts and Definitions
- Manifest Destiny: The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
- Mormons: Founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, this religious group, known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, originated in New York's "burned-over district" and eventually migrated to Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Californios: Mexican residents of California, pivotal in the state's early history.
- Texas Revolution: Armed conflict from 1835-1836 between Texas settlers and Mexico, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Texas.
- Tejanos: Spanish settlers in what is now southern Texas, significant in the region's cultural landscape.
Elections and Political Movements
- Election of 1844: James Polk (Democrat) won against Henry Clay (Whig) by securing key state votes; Polk advocated for expansion and Texas annexation.
- "Dark Horse" Candidate: Polk was an unexpected nominee who won the presidency.
- Mexican-American War: Resulted in U.S. victory and acquisition of the Mexican Cession, which ignited debates over the future of slavery in new territories.
- Wilmot Proviso: 1846 proposal aiming to prohibit slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.
- Election of 1848: Zachary Taylor (Whig) won; Van Buren (Free Soil) brought slavery issues to the forefront, and Lewis Cass championed popular sovereignty.
Socio-political Issues and Compromises
- Gold Rush: From 1848-1856, a massive influx of people seeking gold transformed California's demographics and economy.
- Free Soil Party: Formed in 1848, opposing the expansion of slavery into new territories.
- Compromise of 1850: A multifaceted agreement involving California's admission as a free state and establishing territorial governance in Utah and New Mexico through popular sovereignty.
- Popular Sovereignty: A principle advocated by Stephen Douglas allowing settlers of a territory to decide on the legal status of slavery.
Conflicts and Consequences
- Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854 legislation that created Kansas and Nebraska territories, allowing residents to determine the slavery status, leading to conflict known as "Bleeding Kansas."
- Republican Party Formation: In 1854, emerged from anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, Free Soilers, and reformers focused on preventing slavery's expansion.
- "Bleeding" Kansas: Violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates exacerbated regional tensions.
- Dred Scott Decision: The 1857 Supreme Court ruling that denied citizenship and the right to sue for enslaved persons, reinforcing the status of slaves as property.
- Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 1858 debates showcasing Lincoln's anti-slavery stance versus Douglas's support for popular sovereignty.
Key Figures and Events
- John Brown's Raid: A failed attempt to instigate a slave rebellion by seizing an arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
- Ostend Manifesto: A proposal to acquire Cuba from Spain for $20 million, which was halted due to northern fears of it becoming another slave state.
- Secession: The formal withdrawal of southern states post-Lincoln's election, leading to the formation of the Confederate States of America.
- Fort Sumter: Site of the first conflict in the Civil War, where the Confederacy attacked Union-held territory.
Notable Personalities
- Winfield Scott: Military leader known for his role in the siege of Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.
- Stephen Douglas: Key proponent of popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act; ran for president in 1860.
- Joseph Smith: Founder of the Mormon church and leader during their westward migration.
- Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore: Taylor won the 1848 election; Fillmore signed the Compromise of 1850 and later became a Know-Nothing Party president.
Historical Implications
- Crittenden Compromise: Attempt to resolve secession conflicts by proposing protections for slavery in the territories; was rejected by Lincoln.
- Election of 1860: Lincoln's victory spurred immediate secession of southern states, escalating regional tensions and leading towards the Civil War.
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