Give Me Liberty Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?

The idea that all Native Americans should be relocated.

The belief that government should control trade.

A notion held by Americans that the United States was destined to rule from the Atlantic to the Pacific. (correct)

A movement advocating for women's rights in the 19th century.

Who founded the Mormons?

Joseph Smith

What were Californios?

Mexicans who lived in California. (correct)

American pioneers who moved west.

Indigenous tribes of California.

The first settlers in California.

What was the Texas Revolution?

War between Texas settlers and Mexico from 1835-1836 resulting in the formation of the Republic of Texas. Signup and view all the answers

Who were Tejanos?

Spanish settlers who lived in what is now southern Texas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Election of 1844?

James Polk favored expansion and won. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Dark Horse' candidate?

A political candidate who is not well known but could win unexpectedly. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Mexican-American War?

The U.S. defeated Mexico and acquired the Mexican Cession. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

Who won the presidential election of 1848?

Zachary Taylor Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'Gold Rush'?

A period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in search of gold. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Free Soilers oppose?

Expanding slavery into territories. Signup and view all the answers

The Compromise of 1850 included California being admitted as a __________ state.

free Signup and view all the answers

What did Popular Sovereignty allow?

The people of a territory decide if they want slavery after voting. Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

To create new states and allow them to choose free or slave status. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Republican Party formed by?

Anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, Free Soilers, and reformers from the Northwest. Signup and view all the answers

The 'Know-Nothings' party was clearly defined in its platform.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Bleeding Kansas' refer to?

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-slavery elements in Kansas. Signup and view all the answers

Who won the presidential election of 1856?

James Buchanan Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

A Supreme Court case where a slave sued for freedom but was ruled as property, not a citizen. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates about?

Debates over the issue of slavery and the extension of slavery into territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of John Brown's raid?

To start a slave rebellion by taking over the arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

A recommendation to offer Spain $20 million for Cuba. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Fire Eaters?

Extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South advocating separation. Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the Election of 1860?

Lincoln's election led to the secession of several Southern states. Signup and view all the answers

What is secession?

Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Confederate States of America represent?

A new nation formed to support slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Crittenden Compromise?

A proposal to resolve the secession crisis through compromise. Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the Civil War?

The attack on Fort Sumter. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Winfield Scott?

A general during the siege of Mexico City and a Whig in 1852. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Stephen Douglas?

A Democrat senator from Illinois who supported popular sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Smith?

The founder of the Mormons. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Brown?

A violent abolitionist known for leading a raid at Harpers Ferry. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Zachary Taylor?

A Whig candidate who won the 1848 presidential election. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Millard Fillmore?

The Whig vice president of Taylor who later became President. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Martin Van Buren?

The Free Soil candidate in the election of 1848. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Fremont?

The first Republican candidate for president. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roger Taney?

Supreme Court Justice who presided over the Dred Scott case. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sam Houston?

The governor of Texas. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts and Definitions

Manifest Destiny: The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Mormons: Founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, this religious group, known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, originated in New York's "burned-over district" and eventually migrated to Salt Lake City, Utah.
Californios: Mexican residents of California, pivotal in the state's early history.
Texas Revolution: Armed conflict from 1835-1836 between Texas settlers and Mexico, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Texas.
Tejanos: Spanish settlers in what is now southern Texas, significant in the region's cultural landscape.

Elections and Political Movements

Election of 1844: James Polk (Democrat) won against Henry Clay (Whig) by securing key state votes; Polk advocated for expansion and Texas annexation.
"Dark Horse" Candidate: Polk was an unexpected nominee who won the presidency.
Mexican-American War: Resulted in U.S. victory and acquisition of the Mexican Cession, which ignited debates over the future of slavery in new territories.
Wilmot Proviso: 1846 proposal aiming to prohibit slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.
Election of 1848: Zachary Taylor (Whig) won; Van Buren (Free Soil) brought slavery issues to the forefront, and Lewis Cass championed popular sovereignty.

Socio-political Issues and Compromises

Gold Rush: From 1848-1856, a massive influx of people seeking gold transformed California's demographics and economy.
Free Soil Party: Formed in 1848, opposing the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Compromise of 1850: A multifaceted agreement involving California's admission as a free state and establishing territorial governance in Utah and New Mexico through popular sovereignty.
Popular Sovereignty: A principle advocated by Stephen Douglas allowing settlers of a territory to decide on the legal status of slavery.

Conflicts and Consequences

Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854 legislation that created Kansas and Nebraska territories, allowing residents to determine the slavery status, leading to conflict known as "Bleeding Kansas."
Republican Party Formation: In 1854, emerged from anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, Free Soilers, and reformers focused on preventing slavery's expansion.
"Bleeding" Kansas: Violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates exacerbated regional tensions.
Dred Scott Decision: The 1857 Supreme Court ruling that denied citizenship and the right to sue for enslaved persons, reinforcing the status of slaves as property.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 1858 debates showcasing Lincoln's anti-slavery stance versus Douglas's support for popular sovereignty.

Key Figures and Events

John Brown's Raid: A failed attempt to instigate a slave rebellion by seizing an arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
Ostend Manifesto: A proposal to acquire Cuba from Spain for $20 million, which was halted due to northern fears of it becoming another slave state.
Secession: The formal withdrawal of southern states post-Lincoln's election, leading to the formation of the Confederate States of America.
Fort Sumter: Site of the first conflict in the Civil War, where the Confederacy attacked Union-held territory.

Notable Personalities

Winfield Scott: Military leader known for his role in the siege of Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.
Stephen Douglas: Key proponent of popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act; ran for president in 1860.
Joseph Smith: Founder of the Mormon church and leader during their westward migration.
Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore: Taylor won the 1848 election; Fillmore signed the Compromise of 1850 and later became a Know-Nothing Party president.

Historical Implications

Crittenden Compromise: Attempt to resolve secession conflicts by proposing protections for slavery in the territories; was rejected by Lincoln.
Election of 1860: Lincoln's victory spurred immediate secession of southern states, escalating regional tensions and leading towards the Civil War.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 13 of 'Give Me Liberty!'. This chapter covers significant historical terms like Manifest Destiny, the Mormons, and Californios, among others. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of American expansionism and its impact on society.