Give Me Liberty: Chapter 10 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was The Dorr War?

A reform movement in Rhode Island sparked by the continued exclusion of any men from voting.

What is 'Democracy in America'?

A classic account of American society written by Alexis de Tocqueville in the early 1830s.

What is the 'Information Revolution'?

A large expansion of the public sphere resulting from steam power applied to newspaper printing, leading to the rise of the penny press.

What are 'infant industries'?

<p>A term referring to the nascent manufacturing sector and the perceived need to protect it from international competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What day was Andrew Jackson elected and how many people did his election attract?

<p>March 4, 1829; attracted 20,000 people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jackson's supporters believe his election symbolized?

<p>The coming of power to the common man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What party was created against Jackson and thought he was a tyrant?

<p>The Whig Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant events occurred earlier in Jackson's life?

<p>He was imprisoned during the Revolutionary War, he was an orphan, and he was a judge on the Tennessee Supreme Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many states that entered the Union after the original 13 had a property requirement to vote?

<p>None of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were non-freeholders?

<p>Landless men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states had a property holding requirement in 1829?

<p>North Carolina, Rhode Island, Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personal independence rested in the ownership of ______.

<p>oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Rhode Island have a growing population of property-less wage owners unable to vote?

<p>It was a center of factory production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the People's Convention in 1841 draft?

<p>A new state constitution that expanded voting privileges to all white adult men while excluding blacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did the supporters of democratic reform elect as governor?

<p>Thomas Dorr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the President during the Dorr War and what action did he take?

<p>John Tyler dispatched federal troops to Rhode Island and Dorr served two years in prison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did the Rhode Island legislature eventually take regarding voting?

<p>Eliminated property holding requirements for all (black and white) native-born men, but held it for immigrants until 1888.</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 1840, what percent of adult white males could vote?

<p>More than 90%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Alexis de Tocqueville originally come to America and what did he end up studying?

<p>He originally came to study prisons and ended up writing 'Democracy in America' because he saw that democracy had become essential to American freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the rise of democracy represent?

<p>A political transformation indicating that common people could now participate in government, previously thought to be dangerous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In law, voting was a privilege, not a right. But the term 'citizen' became synonymous with ______.

<p>the right to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why could many newspapers circulate far beyond their places of publication?

<p>Low postal rates allowed for this, combined with reductions in printing costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of writers emerged as the reading public grew?

<p>Women such as Lydia Maria Child, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, and Catharine Beecher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How else did women establish a public presence?

<p>Through religious and reform movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the centrality of democracy to the definition of freedom make necessary?

<p>The definition of the boundaries of the political nation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

As democracy triumphed, what did the intellectual grounds for exclusion shift from?

<p>From economic dependency to natural incapacity, limiting women and non-whites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Racist imagery was popular in what types of shows?

<p>Minstrel shows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the author that included heroic black characters in his work?

<p>Herman Melville.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states explicitly confined the votes to whites?

<p>Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

As late as 1800, no northern state barred blacks from voting. Every state that entered the Union after that year except ______ limited the vote to white males.

<p>Maine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did a New York Convention do in 1821?

<p>They removed property qualifications for white voters and raised the requirements for blacks to $250.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which delegate in the Pennsylvania constitutional convention refused to sign the completed document because it limited suffrage to whites?

<p>Thaddeus Stevens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: White male immigrants could vote almost from the moment they arrived.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two events was Jackson's Democracy rooted in?

<p>The debate over Missouri's admission as a slave state and the severe financial collapse in 1819.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did the South support the Dorr War and the expansion of suffrage?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What replaced class as the boundary between American men with political freedom and those without?

<p>Race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the American System and what were its three parts?

<p>A program of internal improvements and protective tariffs promoted by Henry Clay; the three parts were high tariff, internal improvements, and maintenance of the Bank of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are internal improvements?

<p>Government sponsored projects like roads and canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Second Bank of the US?

<p>Chartered in 1816 but Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter bill in 1832.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Panic of 1819?

<p>A financial collapse brought on by falling cotton prices, a decline in demand for American exports, and reckless western expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of McCulloch v. Maryland?

<p>It was a Supreme Court decision where Chief Justice John Marshall held that Maryland could not tax the Second Bank of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was The Missouri Controversy?

<p>An incident stemming from a proposal to prohibit the introduction of further slaves and free children of slaves at age 25.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the younger generation of Republicans believe regarding infant industries?

<p>That infant industries deserved national protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who outlined a plan for the federal government to construct roads and canals?

<p>Albert Gallatin, Jefferson's Secretary of the Treasury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Madison veto the internal improvements?

<p>Because it didn't state that Congress could do that in the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Southerners supported the tariff.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did local banks promote economic growth?

<p>By helping finance manufacturing, commerce, and extending loans to farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are specie?

<p>Gold and silver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Panic of 1819?

<p>Demand fell, leading to bankruptcies and a rise in unemployment, while banks requested payments from borrowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Panic of 1819 deepened many Americans' distrust of what?

<p>Banks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which congressmen supported the Missouri controversy?

<p>Northern ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was The Missouri Compromise?

<p>Senator James Thomas proposed that Missouri be a slave state, Maine a free state, and no slavery north of the 36'30&quot; line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did Jefferson like The Missouri Compromise?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who provided the votes against slavery in Missouri?

<p>Republicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supported American businesses?

<p>The high tariffs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who supported internal improvements?

<p>The Republicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the unemployment rate in Philadelphia in 1819?

<p>75%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who saves the bank and ruins the people by not allowing them to withdraw money?

<p>Langdon Cheves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who opposed Missouri as a slave state and who supported it?

<p>The House opposed it, while the Senate was in favor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the Latin American and US revolutions similar?

<p>Both were caused by the imperial country trying to get the other one to contribute more to its finances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first government to extend diplomatic recognition to the 17 independent nations after the Latin American wars?

<p>The Monroe Administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was The Monroe Doctrine?

<p>President James Monroe's declaration that the American continents would be closed to European colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Quincy Adams and what did he fear?

<p>James Monroe's Secretary of State; he feared that Spain would try to regain its Latin American colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the three parts of The Monroe Doctrine?

<ol> <li>US would oppose further European colonization in America; 2. US would abstain from European wars; 3. Warned Europe not to interfere with Latin states.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What did Adams hope the US would assume?

<p>Britain's economic role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Andrew Jackson claim national support in the Election of 1824?

<p>His military victories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Adams' support concentrate?

<p>In New England/North, where Republicans didn't want another Southern president.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did Crawford represent, and what did they want?

<p>The South's Old Republicans, who wanted the party to reaffirm states' rights and limited government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Clay a popular politician?

<p>In the West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which candidate did the caucus elect?

<p>Crawford.</p> Signup and view all the answers

No candidate received a majority of votes. Who did Clay vote for when he was eliminated?

<p>Adams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clay soon became Adams' what, but what prevented him from ever being President?

<p>Secretary of State; the 'Corrupt Bargain.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Clay's corrupt bargain?

<p>Bartering critical votes in the presidential contest for office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jackson and Crawford supporters formed which party?

<p>The Democratic Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clay and Adams supporters became which party?

<p>The Whig Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did Adams support the American System?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Adams hope to encourage and enhance?

<p>American commerce and influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Adams the only cabinet member to do?

<p>Oppose reprimanding Jackson for his violent incursion into Florida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two things did Adams, an ardent expansionist, do?

<ol> <li>Negotiated a treaty with Britain for a border; 2. Made a treaty with Spain acquiring Florida.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Adams had an expansive view of what?

<p>Federal power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three things Adams planned to establish in the US?

<p>A national university, astronomical observatory, and naval academy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Adams' administration spend on internal improvements?

<p>More than his five predecessors combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Martin Van Buren?

<p>A senator from New York, organized the election of 1828 for Jackson, skilled party manager.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did Van Buren support political parties?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of politics did Adams typify?

<p>Old politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did Adams campaign vigorously and organize excessively to promote his reelection?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Jackson's supporters wanted a strong central government.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the election of 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in every state except which?

<p>South Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which areas did Jackson win?

<p>The South, West, and Pennsylvania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet?

<p>An informal group of advisers who helped to write his speeches and supervise communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Democrats advocated states' rights and little central government.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Market Revolution do in terms of political party views?

<p>Much to determine views between political parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Democrats were alarmed by what?

<p>A widening gap between social classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whigs united behind what and had strong support in which region?

<p>The American System; Northeast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many slaveholders supported the Democrats, but the largest plantation owners voted for which party?

<p>Whigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was liberty to Democrats?

<p>A private entitlement best secured by local governments and endangered by powerful national authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Democrats considered individual morality a what?

<p>Private matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Catholic and German immigrants flocked to which party?

<p>The Democratic Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Whigs think about liberty and power?

<p>That they enforced each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many Evangelical Protestants supported the _____

<p>Whigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Dorr War and Democracy

  • The Dorr War in Rhode Island was a response to the exclusion of non-property owning men from voting rights.
  • Supporters organized a People's Convention in 1841, drafting a new state constitution that expanded voting rights to all white adult men.
  • Thomas Dorr was elected governor by supporters of democratic reform during this movement.
  • John Tyler, the president at the time, sent federal troops to Rhode Island during the conflict, resulting in Dorr’s imprisonment.

"Democracy in America"

  • Alexis de Tocqueville wrote "Democracy in America" in the early 1830s, analyzing American society amidst political changes.
  • Tocqueville originally visited the U.S. to study prisons, but shifted focus after recognizing the significance of democracy in American life.

Rise of the "Penny Press" and Public Sphere

  • The information revolution led to increased newspaper circulation, with the "penny press" offering editions at just one cent.
  • Low postal rates allowed newspapers to reach broader audiences, including alternative publications for marginalized communities.

Political Landscape and Jackson's Election

  • Andrew Jackson was elected on March 4, 1829, attracting around 20,000 supporters, symbolizing empowerment of the common man.
  • The Whig Party emerged as an opposition against Jackson, fearing his perceived tyranny.

Voting Rights and Societal Changes

  • By 1840, over 90% of adult white males in the U.S. could vote, reflecting the ongoing democratization process.
  • Property requirements for voting were eliminated for native-born men by Rhode Island's legislature. However, these restrictions remained for immigrants until 1888.

Economic Transformations

  • "Infant industries" refer to emerging manufacturing sectors needing protection from foreign competition.
  • The American System, proposed by Henry Clay, advocated for high tariffs, internal improvements, and support for the Second Bank of the U.S.

The Panic of 1819

  • A collapse in the economy caused by plummeting cotton prices, decreased export demands, and reckless expansion led to widespread bankruptcy and increased distrust of banks.

The Missouri Controversy

  • The Missouri Controversy involved debates over slavery and statehood, generating significant political divisions.
  • The Missouri Compromise aimed to balance slave and free states while prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30' line.

The Monroe Doctrine

  • President James Monroe's 1823 declaration aimed to prevent further European colonization in the Americas and establish U.S. non-interference in European conflicts.
  • The doctrine outlined three major tenets regarding U.S. foreign policy, establishing a clear stance against European influence in the Western Hemisphere.

Political Parties and Elections

  • The election of 1824 saw multiple candidates without a clear majority, leading to a contentious vote in the House of Representatives, which ultimately favored John Quincy Adams over Jackson.
  • The Democratic Party was formed from Jackson's supporters, while the Whig Party arose from Adams and Clay’s supporters.

Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet

  • An informal advisory group, known as Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet, influenced his presidency, comprising mainly newspaper editors.

Class and Social Dynamics

  • The widening social class gap alarmed Democrats, who viewed the market revolution as a threat to democratic values.
  • Democrats championed local governance to protect individualism and moral beliefs, while Whigs believed in the mutual reinforcement of liberty and power.

Immigrant Support and Political Identity

  • Catholic and German immigrants tended to lean towards the Democratic Party, whereas evangelical Protestants generally supported the Whigs.
  • The definition of liberty for Democrats emphasized individual entitlements safeguarded by localized authority, contrasting with Whig perspectives on governmental power.

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Description

Explore key terms from Chapter 10 of 'Give Me Liberty' to enhance your understanding of American history. This quiz includes essential concepts like the Dorr War and insights from Alexis de Tocqueville's 'Democracy in America'. Test your knowledge and grasp the implications of the Information Revolution.

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