Git: Systemas de Control de Version

• Git is a popular version control system, created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, for tracking code changes, identifying who made changes, and coding collaboration.
• Version control systems allow programmers to record all source code modifications, enabling easy reversion to previous versions in case of errors.
• The three main types of version control systems are local, centralized, and distributed.

Local Version Control System

• This is the simplest, operating solely on a local computer without requiring a server.
• The entire work history is stored locally.
• Drawbacks include data loss if the directory is forgotten or the computer malfunctions.

Centralized Version Control System

• Centralized version control systems exist to allow collaboration among programmers.
• A central server stores all file change history and client computers access files from it.
• A key weakness is that data loss occurs when the server's database is corrupted.

Distributed Version Control System

• It addresses the limitations of centralized systems by having each client computer mirror the entire repository.
• Each client stores all file versions and modifications, ensuring no loss of data.

Getting Started with Git

• Preparing to use Git includes installing Git, installing a code editor, and initial configuration.

Installing Git

• To install visit https://git-scm.com/downloads.
• After installation, run Git Bash.

Installing Visual Studio Code

• To install visit https://code.visualstudio.com/.

Initial Configuration

• Integrate Git with Visual Studio Code and configure user account, default code editor and a diff tool.
• Configure the username by typing git config --global user.name "[Your Name]".
• Configure the email by typing git config --global user.email "[Your Email Address]".
• Set Visual Studio Code as the default editor for Git with the command git config --global core.editor "code --wait".

Basic Git Concepts

• Git's core concepts are a repository, workflow, hash, and file management.

Repository

• It signifies a project in Git.
• Repositories are created in two ways, either a new empty folder or cloning an existing project folder.

Creating a New Repository

• To create:
  • Navigate to a directory and type cd D:\Proyek2.
  • Create a new folder with mkdir belajar-git-dasar.
  • Type cd belajar-git-dasar so Git recognizes the folder as a repository.
  • Initialize by typing git init.

Clone Repository

• Clone consists of duplicating an existing repository, found under '[url] (directory]'`.

Snapshot

• The term refers to capturing the state of all modified files at a specific time.
• Git generates a SHA-1 hash value for data integrity for each snapshot.

How Git Works

• Git tracks files with three main statuses: committed, modified, and staged.
• Commited signify that the file is stored locally, modified means there are changes but not committed, and staged indicates preparedness for a snapshot.
• The three sections of Git project that each Git project has are Git Directory(Repository), Working directory, and Staging area.
• The Git Directory is where Git stores metadata, objects, and copied files
• The working directory is where files are modified
• The staging area is where files are prepared for committing.

File Operations

• File operations with Git include adding, modifying, deleting, and undoing changes in the local repository.

Adding Files

• New files are automatically placed in the working directory, where Git doesn't initially track changes.
• Files need to be moved from the working directory to the staging area so Git can start tracking changes.
• Use the command git add test1.txt to transfer text1.txt to staging, and git commit to save.

Modifying Files

• Can be achived by simply editing the working directory
• The changed file will be displayed as modified
• The changes are displayed by the command git diff

Deleting Files

• Start by immediately deleting or removing file in folder
• Use the command git add test.txt
• After file has been moved to staging area, commit

Reverting File Changes

To undo a newly added file still in the working directory

• Execute git clean -f to remove file from workng directory.

To revert file changes in repository

• Alter file contents and use command git restore

Reset Commit

• The command is to completely erase a recent snapshop on a commit
• Three ways to reset
  • git reset --soft [hash] moves pointer HEAD directory where nothing gets changed
  • git reset -- mixed [hash] moves pointer HEAD with staging area being modified without altering contents in working directory
  • git reset --hard [hash] moves pointer HEAD with both staging and working directory being modified

Branching

• Branching lets the user create timelines with feature
• Enables users to do work without interfering other timelines

Merge

• When work has been perfored on a branch called feature, merging is the action to unite with other branches in master
• To merge, the user would need to be working on branch master, afterwhich they must type git merge pendahuluan

Git Remote

• Lets the user make a repository on the computer so they can collaborate.

Github Repository configuration

• Create an account in Github
• Under your Profile page, select 'Your repositories' afterwhich select 'New'
• Then the user must fill in the repository name

Protocol on Github

• The set of guidelines to network date
• Protocols used on Github are SSH protocol, Git protocol, and HTTPS protocol.

Remote Repository

• When the project is done, the project will be set to default if Git does not know about the reote.
• Open Git Bash, then type: mkdir belajar - git - remote.

Push

• Even if you save changes in local Git, they aren't automatically synchronized in the remote repository.
• Use the command git push [remote repository name] [branch name].

Collaboration on Github

• Create an 'Organization' account to collab
• Add teammate accounts in an Organization
• After which you may collab through pulling and pushing.

Explora le differentias inter systemas de control de version local e distribuite in Git. Apprende le commandos pro creation de repositorios, registration de cambios, e discargar actualisationes. Comprende le function del 'staging area' e como usar git reset.