GIT Radiology by Prof. V. Adetiloye

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

  • Breaking down food into smaller molecules
  • Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
  • Eliminating waste products from the body
  • Transporting food and liquids through the body (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper GIT?

  • Oesophagus
  • Pharynx (throat)
  • Mouth
  • Rectum (correct)

What is the purpose of a Barium swallow?

  • To visualize the chest cavity
  • To visualize the abdominal cavity
  • To visualize the upper GIT (correct)
  • To visualize the lower GIT

What type of imaging is used to rule out intraperitoneal free air?

<p>Abdominal X-ray (Erect and Supine) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a contrast study?

<p>To visualize the inner surfaces of the GIT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the appearance of the inner surface of the bowel?

<p>Mucosal pattern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an intraluminal filling defect characterized by?

<p>Barium surrounding it from all sides and being freely mobile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of shouldering in a radiological diagnosis?

<p>It is a sign of a malignant stricture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a false diverticulum in the oesophagus?

<p>It involves the mucosa and submucosal layers only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for circumferential or annular narrowing of the bowel?

<p>Stricture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a visible crater filled with barium?

<p>Ulceration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an extramural filling defect?

<p>It causes indentation from one side only forming a shallow angle with the bowel wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

  • Part of the digestive system
  • Organs that food and liquids travel through from mouth to anus
  • Includes: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

GIT Imaging Techniques

  • Radiography: Chest X-ray, Abdominal X-ray (erect and supine)
  • Contrast Study: Fluoroscopy (Barium or water-soluble contrast)
  • Upper Gastrointestinal Series: Barium swallow, Barium Meal and follow-through, Enteroclysis (small bowel enema)
  • Lower Gastrointestinal Series: Barium Enema
  • Other Special Fluoroscopy Examinations: Fistulography
  • Ultrasound
  • Computed Tomography: CT enterography, CT colonoscopy
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging: MR enterography
  • Nuclear Medicine: Chest Radiograph (for ruling out chest infection, pre-op prep, post-op evaluation, and intraperitoneal free air)

Contrast Studies

  • Make the GIT more visible on imaging
  • Coat inner surfaces of the GIT
  • Radio-opaque: Barium sulphate, Water soluble
  • Radiolucent: Gas
  • Administered orally or rectally, or via Enteroclysis (small bowel enema)

Mucosal Pattern and Filling Defects

  • Mucosal pattern: appearance of the inner surface of bowel
  • Abnormalities: smoothing, irregularity
  • Filling defects: any process occupying space within the bowel, resulting in an area of total or relative radiolucency within the barium column
  • Types of filling defects:
    • Intraluminal: barium all around it, may be freely mobile (e.g. food, faeces)
    • Intramural: causes indentation from one side only, forming a sharp angle with the bowel wall, not completely surrounded by barium (e.g. tumour)
    • Extramural: causes indentation from one side only, forming a shallow angle with the bowel wall, mucosa is preserved but stretched over the filling defect (e.g. enlarged adjacent organ)

Other Radiological Signs

  • Stricture: circumferential or annular narrowing (differentiated from peristaltic waves), may have tapered ends, abrupt end (or shouldering)
  • Ulceration: visible when the crater is filled with barium, appears as an outward projection from the lumen
  • Haematemesis: possible lesion of the oesophagus

Normal and Abnormal Lesions of the Oesophagus

  • Normal: develops in the hypopharynx, typically between the cricopharyngeus muscle and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, only involves the mucosa and submucosal layers, does not involve the muscular layer
  • Abnormal: causes malignant strictures

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