Git Hosting and GitHub Overview

GitHub is a popular platform for hosting and managing Git repositories, allowing developers to collaborate on projects, track changes, and share code with others.

Using HTTP for Git network transactions is now the standard for most operations, replacing SSH due to its simplicity and accessibility.

Pro Git has emerged as a leading resource for learning Git, offering a comprehensive guide to its functionalities and practices, making it accessible to both beginners and experienced developers.

Git has experienced remarkable growth, gaining wide adoption in both the open-source and commercial software development communities.

Pro Git's success goes beyond being a popular technical book; it has become a valuable open-source resource, allowing anyone to contribute and improve its content.

Pro Git's first edition was instrumental in introducing Ben Straub to the world of Git, igniting a passion that led him to become a prominent figure in the Git community.

Ben Straub's experience with Git, from contributing to its development to working at a major Git hosting company, highlights the impact of Pro Git on his career path.

Pro Git stands as a testament to the transformative power of open source and the impact it can have on individuals and communities.

Working with multiple remote repositories including email-based collaboration, and efficiently managing remote branches and patches.

Utilizing GitHub for account management, repository creation, contributing to projects, and accepting contributions, along with its programmatic interface.

Mastering advanced Git commands like the 'reset' command for undoing changes, using binary search for bug identification, history editing, and advanced revision selection.

Creating custom Git environment through hook scripts for implementing policy enforcement, configuring global settings to personalize your workflow, and building custom scripts for enforced commit policies.

Utilizing Git within a Subversion (SVN) environment, converting projects from other VCSs to Git, and leveraging Git's power in a mixed-environment setting.

Understanding Git's internal workings, including data storage, the object model, packfiles, and server protocols.

Using Git effectively across various environments, showcasing its adaptability and real-world applicability.

Exploring various hosted options, including services that manage your Git repositories for you.

The command used to create a local copy of a Git repository.

A directory that holds the history of changes made to a Git repository. It keeps track of all the commits and branches.

Files that Git is aware of, including those modified since the last commit and those staged to be committed.

Files that Git doesn't know about because they were not in the last snapshot and haven't been staged.

A snapshot of your project's current state that you save in your Git repository.

The command used to view the current state of your files, showing which ones are tracked, modified, or staged.

The action of preparing modified files to be included in the next commit. You're selecting the changes you want to save.

A specific version of your project, created by a commit. It represents a snapshot of your changes.

The process of marking a file for inclusion in the next commit. This tells Git to start tracking the file.

The name of the current branch you are working on in your Git repository.

A reference to a specific version of your project. This is often stored on a remote server like GitHub. The branch you're working on can be 'up-to-date' with the version on the remote server.

The default branch in Git. It's often used to represent the main line of development of your project.

A command to create a new commit in Git, which permanently saves the changes you've staged.

The message describing the changes made in a commit.

A unique identifier (hash) assigned to each commit, representing a specific state of your project.

The files that are marked for inclusion in the next commit.

A list of changes introduced by a commit, showing added, deleted, or modified lines.

The history of commits in a Git repository, forming a timeline of changes.

The command line option used to add a commit message inline with the git commit command.

A Git command used to remove a file from the version control system. It removes the file from your working directory and stages its removal.

An unstaged change in Git is a file that has been modified but not yet added to the staging area. This means Git is aware of the modification but it won't be included in the next commit.

Changes in a tracked file that are not staged are those that haven't been added to the staging area, meaning they are not ready to be committed in the next snapshot.

Deleting a file from your working directory doesn't mean it's removed from Git's control. It will appear under 'Changes Not Staged For Commit' as 'deleted' until staged with git rm.