Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does cellular hypotrophy refer to?
What does cellular hypotrophy refer to?
Which of the following terms is matched incorrectly with its meaning?
Which of the following terms is matched incorrectly with its meaning?
Which term best describes localized growth of tissue?
Which term best describes localized growth of tissue?
What is a key characteristic of proliferation in tissue?
What is a key characteristic of proliferation in tissue?
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Which of the following statements about the gingiva is true?
Which of the following statements about the gingiva is true?
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What medication alternative might be sought for individuals who experience adverse effects from Ramipril?
What medication alternative might be sought for individuals who experience adverse effects from Ramipril?
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Which of the following is true regarding dental plaque?
Which of the following is true regarding dental plaque?
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Which of the following statements about plaque is NOT correct?
Which of the following statements about plaque is NOT correct?
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What is the potential consequence of leaving plaque unmanaged on tooth surfaces?
What is the potential consequence of leaving plaque unmanaged on tooth surfaces?
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Which best describes the role of plaque on teeth?
Which best describes the role of plaque on teeth?
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Which grade indicates that enlargement is confined to the interdental papillae?
Which grade indicates that enlargement is confined to the interdental papillae?
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What can be inferred about Grade 3 enlargement?
What can be inferred about Grade 3 enlargement?
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Which descriptor is NOT relevant for contemporaneous notes for a patient with DIGO?
Which descriptor is NOT relevant for contemporaneous notes for a patient with DIGO?
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What does the presence of nodules indicate in patients with DIGO?
What does the presence of nodules indicate in patients with DIGO?
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Which grade would best describe enlargement that involves papilla and gingival margins?
Which grade would best describe enlargement that involves papilla and gingival margins?
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What characteristic is typical of Grade 1 enlargement?
What characteristic is typical of Grade 1 enlargement?
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In the context of DIGO due to Amlodipine, which descriptor would be important to note?
In the context of DIGO due to Amlodipine, which descriptor would be important to note?
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Which descriptor would most likely indicate chronic enhancement in a patient with DIGO?
Which descriptor would most likely indicate chronic enhancement in a patient with DIGO?
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What is the definition of cellular hyperplasia?
What is the definition of cellular hyperplasia?
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Which of the following drug groups is commonly associated with drug-induced gingival overgrowth?
Which of the following drug groups is commonly associated with drug-induced gingival overgrowth?
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Which medical condition is treated with the drug Amlodipine?
Which medical condition is treated with the drug Amlodipine?
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What differentiates gingival hyperplasia from gingival overgrowth?
What differentiates gingival hyperplasia from gingival overgrowth?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gingival overgrowth?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gingival overgrowth?
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Which of the following anti-convulsants is associated with gingival overgrowth?
Which of the following anti-convulsants is associated with gingival overgrowth?
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What is the primary reason for the classification of gingival overgrowth?
What is the primary reason for the classification of gingival overgrowth?
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Which of the following conditions is related to the use of Tacrolimus?
Which of the following conditions is related to the use of Tacrolimus?
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How is gingival overgrowth often scored in clinical settings?
How is gingival overgrowth often scored in clinical settings?
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Which of the following drugs belongs to the calcium channel blocker group?
Which of the following drugs belongs to the calcium channel blocker group?
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Which medical condition is commonly treated with Nifedipine?
Which medical condition is commonly treated with Nifedipine?
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What might cause an overgrowth of the gums?
What might cause an overgrowth of the gums?
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What is a common feature of gingival enlargement?
What is a common feature of gingival enlargement?
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Which drug is commonly associated with gingival overgrowth in patients with epilepsy?
Which drug is commonly associated with gingival overgrowth in patients with epilepsy?
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What is a characteristic of generalized gingival conditions?
What is a characteristic of generalized gingival conditions?
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Which option best describes discrete gingival enlargement?
Which option best describes discrete gingival enlargement?
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What type of cleaning method is emphasized for interdental areas?
What type of cleaning method is emphasized for interdental areas?
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Which instruction is vital for patients with plaque control issues?
Which instruction is vital for patients with plaque control issues?
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What is one impact of having dental issues like DIGO on a patient?
What is one impact of having dental issues like DIGO on a patient?
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Which of the following are among the compromising factors that can arise from DIGO?
Which of the following are among the compromising factors that can arise from DIGO?
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What role do disclosing tablets play in oral hygiene?
What role do disclosing tablets play in oral hygiene?
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Which option is not a method to improve plaque control?
Which option is not a method to improve plaque control?
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What complication is associated with increased periodontitis from DIGO?
What complication is associated with increased periodontitis from DIGO?
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Which of the following statements about speech is true regarding DIGO?
Which of the following statements about speech is true regarding DIGO?
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What is a potential social effect of DIGO on patients?
What is a potential social effect of DIGO on patients?
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How can medication changes affect a patient with DIGO?
How can medication changes affect a patient with DIGO?
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What is one of the goals of using a manual or electric toothbrush?
What is one of the goals of using a manual or electric toothbrush?
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Which is not a recommendation for improving dental health in patients with plaque issues?
Which is not a recommendation for improving dental health in patients with plaque issues?
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Study Notes
Gingival Overgrowth
- Gingival overgrowth is a condition involving enlargement of the gums.
- Differentiating overgrowth from hyperplasia is crucial.
- Pathological processes contribute to gingival enlargement.
- Classifications of gingival overgrowth exist.
- Locations and distribution of gingival overgrowth vary.
- Scoring guides help assess gingival overgrowth severity.
- Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is associated with specific drug groups.
Introduction
- This handbook combines lectures and powerpoints on gingival overgrowth.
- Key concepts covered include: definitions, distinguishing overgrowth from hyperplasia, pathological processes related to enlargement, classifications of gingival overgrowth, locations and distributions, scoring guides, and drug groups commonly implicated in drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
- Students will use a workbook for self-directed learning.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will be able to identify clinical features associated with gingival overgrowth.
- Students will be able to categorize potential causative factors for gingival overgrowth.
- Students will be able to select appropriate clinical assessment measures of patients with gingival overgrowth.
- Students will list the classification of gingival overgrowth and the oral areas where it might present.
- Students will evaluate the impact of gingival overgrowth on oral health and patients’ overall well-being.
Drug Groups and Medical Conditions
-
Calcium Channel Blockers: Associated with medical conditions like hypertension, angina pectoris, vascular disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease.
- Specific drugs like amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, and others are listed.
-
Anticonvulsants: Associated with epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, down's syndrome, essential tremor, and other conditions.
- Drugs like phenytoin, ethotoin, sodium valproate, phenobarbitone, vigabatrin, primidone, mephenytoin, ethosuximide, and methosuximide are listed.
-
Immunosuppressants: Associated with organ transplants, inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
- Tacrolimus is a notable immunosuppressant.
-
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Also linked to calcium channel blockers in specific cases.
True/False
- Cellular hyperplasia involves increased cell numbers, not necessarily the cell size. (True)
Complete the Statement
- Gingival enlargement or overgrowth is the proliferation and intensification of the gingiva
Cellular Hypotrophy Definition
- Cellular hypotrophy refers to a decrease in cell size, not an increase. (False)
Matching Words to Definitions
- Diffuse: Involving the entirety of the gingiva throughout the mouth.
- Discrete: An isolated enlargement, like an abscess.
- Papillary: Confined to the interdental papillae.
- Generalised: Involving the gingival margins, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae).
Plaque Control Instructions
- Five instructions for improving plaque control for patients with Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO):
- Tooth brushing (manual or electric, single tufted brushes)
- Interdental cleaning (floss and brushes)
- Disclosing tablets
- Regular hygienist/therapist appointments
- Consult a doctor (general practitioner) regarding medication adjustments if necessary.
Compromising Factors of DIGO
- Speech, aesthetics, eating difficulties, increased caries, increased periodontal disease, delayed tooth eruption, retention of primary teeth, diastemas, mouth breathing, xerostomia, low self-esteem, halitosis, lack of confidence, and poor oral hygiene.
Grade Definitions
- Grade 1: Enlargement involves the papilla and gingival margins.
- Grade 2: Enlargement is confined to the interdental papillae.
- Grade 3: Enlargement covers three quarters or more of the tooth crown.
- Grade 0: No signs of gingival enlargement visible.
Patient Presentation Descriptors
- When writing notes for patients presenting with DIGO, use these descriptors: shape, nodules, location, generalized or localized, vascular conditions, relevant classifications, scoring guides, duration of presentation, and underlying causative factors.
Medication Alternatives for DIGO
- Medication alternatives to Amlodipine include Ramipril (check online BNF for others).
Plaque Definition
- Plaque is an innocuous substance.
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Description
This quiz focuses on gingival overgrowth, covering key aspects such as its definitions, classifications, and the pathological processes involved. Students will learn to differentiate overgrowth from hyperplasia and identify drug-induced causes. Utilize the workbook for self-directed learning to enhance your understanding of this condition.
