Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival bleeding with probing?
Which factor was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival bleeding with probing?
- Anatomic and developmental tooth variations
- Mouth breathing
- Orthodontic treatment
- Current cigarette smoking (correct)
What is the most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing?
What is the most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing?
- Hormonal replacement therapy
- Chronic inflammation (correct)
- Frenum pull
- Vitamin C deficiency
Which systemic disorder may lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
Which systemic disorder may lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
- Thrombocytopenic purpura (correct)
- Christmas disease
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Leukemia
What condition is reported to affect gingival bleeding in women?
What condition is reported to affect gingival bleeding in women?
Which medications have been found to cause gingival enlargement and secondarily cause gingival bleeding?
Which medications have been found to cause gingival enlargement and secondarily cause gingival bleeding?
What changes in the gingiva are considered as an important clinical sign of gingival disease?
What changes in the gingiva are considered as an important clinical sign of gingival disease?
What color change is associated with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What color change is associated with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What color change is associated with herpetic gingivostomatitis?
What color change is associated with herpetic gingivostomatitis?
What color change can occur with severe acute inflammation?
What color change can occur with severe acute inflammation?
What systemic disease may cause blue-gray pigmentation of the oral mucosa?
What systemic disease may cause blue-gray pigmentation of the oral mucosa?
What factor can cause hyperkeratosis of the gingiva and a significant increase in melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa?
What factor can cause hyperkeratosis of the gingiva and a significant increase in melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa?
What has been used more recently to ablate cells that produce melanin pigment in gingival depigmentation?
What has been used more recently to ablate cells that produce melanin pigment in gingival depigmentation?
What is the primary etiological factor that causes gingivitis?
What is the primary etiological factor that causes gingivitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic gingivitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic gingivitis?
What type of gingivitis affects the entire mouth?
What type of gingivitis affects the entire mouth?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
What is the value of probing pocket depth measurements for the assessment of gingivitis severity?
What is the value of probing pocket depth measurements for the assessment of gingivitis severity?
What does the absence of gingival bleeding on probing imply?
What does the absence of gingival bleeding on probing imply?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue?
According to the text, what percentage of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of gingival bleeding?
According to the text, what percentage of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of gingival bleeding?
What is the main factor that causes the persistence of local inflammation around gingival tissues?
What is the main factor that causes the persistence of local inflammation around gingival tissues?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What did research show regarding the resolution of inflammation around gingival tissues?
What did research show regarding the resolution of inflammation around gingival tissues?
What do epidemiologic studies indicate about the prevalence of gingivitis?
What do epidemiologic studies indicate about the prevalence of gingivitis?
What is the effect of toothbrushing on the consistency of the gingiva?
What is the effect of toothbrushing on the consistency of the gingiva?
What is a common feature of chronic inflammation in patients with chronic inflammation according to the text?
What is a common feature of chronic inflammation in patients with chronic inflammation according to the text?
What is the primary cause of traumatic gingival lesions?
What is the primary cause of traumatic gingival lesions?
What is the difference between the actual and apparent positions of the gingiva?
What is the difference between the actual and apparent positions of the gingiva?
What effect do standard oral hygiene procedures have on gingival health according to the text?
What effect do standard oral hygiene procedures have on gingival health according to the text?
What are Stillman’s clefts and McCall festoons associated with?
What are Stillman’s clefts and McCall festoons associated with?
What term is frequently used but is considered a misnomer for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What term is frequently used but is considered a misnomer for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the term for a microbial disease of the gingiva in the context of an impaired host response?
What is the term for a microbial disease of the gingiva in the context of an impaired host response?
What happens to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) without treatment?
What happens to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) without treatment?
What type of lesions are characteristic of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What type of lesions are characteristic of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
Involvement of which tissues can occur in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe immunosuppression?
Involvement of which tissues can occur in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe immunosuppression?
What are characteristic clinical signs of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What are characteristic clinical signs of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is a common feature of the mild and moderate stages of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is a common feature of the mild and moderate stages of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What may occur if necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is left untreated?
What may occur if necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is left untreated?
What technique has been used to study the relationship of bacteria to the characteristic lesion of NUG?
What technique has been used to study the relationship of bacteria to the characteristic lesion of NUG?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What percentage of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of gingival bleeding, according to epidemiologic studies?
What percentage of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of gingival bleeding, according to epidemiologic studies?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue?
What systemic disorder may lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
What systemic disorder may lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What are some systemic diseases that may cause color changes in the oral mucosa?
What are some systemic diseases that may cause color changes in the oral mucosa?
What are the endogenous oral pigmentations caused by?
What are the endogenous oral pigmentations caused by?
What are the exogenous factors capable of producing color changes in the gingiva?
What are the exogenous factors capable of producing color changes in the gingiva?
What are the methods traditionally used for gingival depigmentation?
What are the methods traditionally used for gingival depigmentation?
What changes in the consistency of the gingiva occur in patients with chronic gingivitis?
What changes in the consistency of the gingiva occur in patients with chronic gingivitis?
What may be found in the gingiva and varies with regard to size, location, shape, and structure?
What may be found in the gingiva and varies with regard to size, location, shape, and structure?
What are the effects of toothbrushing on the consistency of the gingiva?
What are the effects of toothbrushing on the consistency of the gingiva?
What is the biologic significance of gingival stippling?
What is the biologic significance of gingival stippling?
What are the sources of traumatic gingival lesions?
What are the sources of traumatic gingival lesions?
What is the difference between the actual and apparent positions of the gingiva?
What is the difference between the actual and apparent positions of the gingiva?
What is the primary cause of gingival recession?
What is the primary cause of gingival recession?
What are Stillman’s clefts and McCall festoons associated with?
What are Stillman’s clefts and McCall festoons associated with?
What are the two earliest signs of gingival inflammation that precede established gingivitis?
What are the two earliest signs of gingival inflammation that precede established gingivitis?
What is the value of probing pocket depth measurements for the assessment of the extent and severity of gingivitis?
What is the value of probing pocket depth measurements for the assessment of the extent and severity of gingivitis?
What does the absence of gingival bleeding on probing imply?
What does the absence of gingival bleeding on probing imply?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What was found between the necrotic and living tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What did experimental gingivitis studies provide the first empiric evidence for?
What factor was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival bleeding with probing?
What factor was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival bleeding with probing?
What is the relationship between persistent gingivitis and periodontal attachment loss, according to the findings?
What is the relationship between persistent gingivitis and periodontal attachment loss, according to the findings?
What did recent research reveal about gingival bleeding in patients who quit smoking?
What did recent research reveal about gingival bleeding in patients who quit smoking?
What systemic disorders can lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
What systemic disorders can lead to excessive and difficult to control gingival hemorrhage?
What are the effects of hormonal replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle on gingival bleeding?
What are the effects of hormonal replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle on gingival bleeding?
How does diabetes affect the periodontium?
How does diabetes affect the periodontium?
What adverse effects on the gingiva have been associated with certain medications?
What adverse effects on the gingiva have been associated with certain medications?
What is the term used to describe the characteristic lesions of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the term used to describe the characteristic lesions of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What are the extraoral and systemic signs and symptoms commonly associated with the mild and moderate stages of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What are the extraoral and systemic signs and symptoms commonly associated with the mild and moderate stages of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the primary cause of the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the microscopic appearance of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the microscopic appearance of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the effect of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) if left untreated?
What is the effect of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) if left untreated?
What is found in the exudate on the surface of the necrotic lesion in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is found in the exudate on the surface of the necrotic lesion in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the impact of systemic reactions in children with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the impact of systemic reactions in children with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What type of lesions occasionally occur in the soft palate in relation to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What type of lesions occasionally occur in the soft palate in relation to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What type of tissue involvement can occur in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe immunosuppression?
What type of tissue involvement can occur in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe immunosuppression?
What have light and electron microscopy been used to study in relation to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What have light and electron microscopy been used to study in relation to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
Experimental gingivitis studies provided the first empiric evidence that the accumulation of microbial biofilm on clean tooth surfaces results in the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue. Research has also shown that the local inflammation will persist as long as the microbial biofilm is present adjacent to the gingival tissues and that the inflammation may resolve subsequent to a meticulous removal of the ______.
Experimental gingivitis studies provided the first empiric evidence that the accumulation of microbial biofilm on clean tooth surfaces results in the development of an inflammatory process around gingival tissue. Research has also shown that the local inflammation will persist as long as the microbial biofilm is present adjacent to the gingival tissues and that the inflammation may resolve subsequent to a meticulous removal of the ______.
The prevalence of gingivitis is evident worldwide. For example, epidemiologic studies indicate that more than 82% of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of ______.
The prevalence of gingivitis is evident worldwide. For example, epidemiologic studies indicate that more than 82% of adolescents in the United States have overt gingivitis and signs of ______.
What is the term used to describe the characteristic lesions of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What is the term used to describe the characteristic lesions of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
What may occur if necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is left untreated?
What may occur if necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is left untreated?
What type of gingivitis affects the entire mouth?
What type of gingivitis affects the entire mouth?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
What is the significance of gingival bleeding on probing?
Longitudinal findings revealed that sites with consistent ______ (gingivval index = 2) had 70% more attachment loss than sites that were noninflamed over a 26-year period in 565 males.
Longitudinal findings revealed that sites with consistent ______ (gingivval index = 2) had 70% more attachment loss than sites that were noninflamed over a 26-year period in 565 males.
Thus, persistent gingivitis can be considered as a risk factor for periodontal attach ment loss that may lead to ______.
Thus, persistent gingivitis can be considered as a risk factor for periodontal attach ment loss that may lead to ______.
Numerous studies have shown that current cigarette smoking suppresses the gingival inflammatory response, and smoking was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival ______ with probing in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Numerous studies have shown that current cigarette smoking suppresses the gingival inflammatory response, and smoking was found to exert a strong, chronic, dose-dependent suppressive effect on gingival ______ with probing in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
In addition, recent research reveals an increase in gingival ______ with probing in patients who quit smoking.
In addition, recent research reveals an increase in gingival ______ with probing in patients who quit smoking.
Factors that contribute to plaque retention and that may lead to gingivitis include anatomic and developmental tooth variations, caries, frenum pull, iatrogenic factors, malpositioned teeth, mouth breathing, overhangs, partial dentures, lack of attached gingiva, and ______.
Factors that contribute to plaque retention and that may lead to gingivitis include anatomic and developmental tooth variations, caries, frenum pull, iatrogenic factors, malpositioned teeth, mouth breathing, overhangs, partial dentures, lack of attached gingiva, and ______.
Chronic and Recurrent ______. The most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing is chronic inflammation.
Chronic and Recurrent ______. The most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing is chronic inflammation.
A significant percentage of adults also show signs of gingivitis; more than half of the US adult population is estimated to exhibit gingival ______
A significant percentage of adults also show signs of gingivitis; more than half of the US adult population is estimated to exhibit gingival ______
In general, clinical features of gingivitis may be characterized by the presence of any of the following clinical signs: redness and sponginess of the gingival tissue, ______ on provocation, changes in contour, and the presence of calculus or plaque with no radiographic evidence of crestal bone loss
In general, clinical features of gingivitis may be characterized by the presence of any of the following clinical signs: redness and sponginess of the gingival tissue, ______ on provocation, changes in contour, and the presence of calculus or plaque with no radiographic evidence of crestal bone loss
Chronic gingivitis is slow in onset and of long duration. It is ______, unless it is complicated by acute or subacute exacerbations, and it is the type that is most often encountered
Chronic gingivitis is slow in onset and of long duration. It is ______, unless it is complicated by acute or subacute exacerbations, and it is the type that is most often encountered
Localized gingivitis is confined to the gingiva of a single tooth or group of teeth, whereas generalized gingivitis involves the entire ______
Localized gingivitis is confined to the gingiva of a single tooth or group of teeth, whereas generalized gingivitis involves the entire ______
Gingival disease in individual cases is described by combining the preceding terms as follows: Localized marginal gingivitis is confined to one or more areas of the ______ gingiva
Gingival disease in individual cases is described by combining the preceding terms as follows: Localized marginal gingivitis is confined to one or more areas of the ______ gingiva
Gingival bleeding varies with regard to severity, duration, and ease of provocation. Bleeding on probing is easily detected clini cally and therefore is of value for the early diagnosis and prevention of more advanced ______
Gingival bleeding varies with regard to severity, duration, and ease of provocation. Bleeding on probing is easily detected clini cally and therefore is of value for the early diagnosis and prevention of more advanced ______
Gingival stippling is restricted to the attached gingiva and predominantly localized to the subpapillary area, but it extends to a variable degree into the ______.
Gingival stippling is restricted to the attached gingiva and predominantly localized to the subpapillary area, but it extends to a variable degree into the ______.
In patients with chronic inflammation, the gingival surface is either smooth and shiny or firm and ______, depending on whether the dominant changes are exudative or fibrotic.
In patients with chronic inflammation, the gingival surface is either smooth and shiny or firm and ______, depending on whether the dominant changes are exudative or fibrotic.
Gingival recession is a common finding. The prevalence, extent, and severity of gingival recession increase with age, and this condition is more prevalent among ______.
Gingival recession is a common finding. The prevalence, extent, and severity of gingival recession increase with age, and this condition is more prevalent among ______.
The actual position is the level of the coronal end of the epithelial attachment on the tooth, whereas the apparent position is the level of the crest of the gingival margin. The severity of recession is determined by the actual position of the gingiva and not by its ______ position.
The actual position is the level of the coronal end of the epithelial attachment on the tooth, whereas the apparent position is the level of the crest of the gingival margin. The severity of recession is determined by the actual position of the gingiva and not by its ______ position.
Receded gingiva can be inflamed, but it may be normal except for its ______.
Receded gingiva can be inflamed, but it may be normal except for its ______.
Standard oral hygiene procedures, whether they involve toothbrushing or flossing, may lead to frequent transient and minimal gingival ______.
Standard oral hygiene procedures, whether they involve toothbrushing or flossing, may lead to frequent transient and minimal gingival ______.
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease of the ______ in the context of an impaired host response.
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease of the ______ in the context of an impaired host response.
NUG can cause tissue destruction that involves the periodontal attachment apparatus, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe ______.
NUG can cause tissue destruction that involves the periodontal attachment apparatus, especially in patients with long-standing disease or severe ______.
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is characterized by its sudden onset, sometimes after an episode of debilitating disease or acute respiratory tract ______.
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is characterized by its sudden onset, sometimes after an episode of debilitating disease or acute respiratory tract ______.
Characteristic lesions of NUG are punched-out, craterlike depressions at the crest of the interdental papillae that subsequently extend to the marginal ______ and rarely to the attached gingiva and oral mucosa.
Characteristic lesions of NUG are punched-out, craterlike depressions at the crest of the interdental papillae that subsequently extend to the marginal ______ and rarely to the attached gingiva and oral mucosa.
Patients with NUG often complain of a constant radiating, gnawing pain that is intensified by eating spicy or hot foods and ______.
Patients with NUG often complain of a constant radiating, gnawing pain that is intensified by eating spicy or hot foods and ______.
NUG may lead to a progressive destruction of the periodontium as well as gingival recession accompanied by an increase in the severity of systemic ______.
NUG may lead to a progressive destruction of the periodontium as well as gingival recession accompanied by an increase in the severity of systemic ______.
Light and electron microscopy have been used to study the relationship of bacteria to the characteristic lesion of ______.
Light and electron microscopy have been used to study the relationship of bacteria to the characteristic lesion of ______.
What happens to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) without ______?
What happens to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) without ______?
Spirochetes and other bacteria invade the underlying living ______.
Spirochetes and other bacteria invade the underlying living ______.
The clinical course of NUG can vary. If untreated, NUG may lead to a progressive destruction of the periodontium as well as gingival recession accompanied by an increase in the severity of ______ complications.
The clinical course of NUG can vary. If untreated, NUG may lead to a progressive destruction of the periodontium as well as gingival recession accompanied by an increase in the severity of ______ complications.
With acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, the color changes are ______; with herpetic gingivostomatitis, it is ______; and with acute reactions to chemical irritation, it is ______ or diffuse.
With acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, the color changes are ______; with herpetic gingivostomatitis, it is ______; and with acute reactions to chemical irritation, it is ______ or diffuse.
Initially, there is an increase in ______. If the condition does not worsen, this is the only color change until the gingiva reverts to normal.
Initially, there is an increase in ______. If the condition does not worsen, this is the only color change until the gingiva reverts to normal.
Heavy metals (i.e., bismuth, arsenic, mercury, lead, and silver) that are absorbed systemically may discolor the gingiva and other areas of the oral mucosa. These changes are rare, but they should still be ruled out in suspected cases. Metals typically produce a ______ or bluish line in the gingiva that follows the contour of the margin.
Heavy metals (i.e., bismuth, arsenic, mercury, lead, and silver) that are absorbed systemically may discolor the gingiva and other areas of the oral mucosa. These changes are rare, but they should still be ruled out in suspected cases. Metals typically produce a ______ or bluish line in the gingiva that follows the contour of the margin.
Pigmentation from systemically absorbed metals results from the perivascular precipitation of metallic sulfides in the subepithelial connective tissue. Gingival pigmentation is not a result of systemic toxicity. It occurs only in areas of inflammation in which the increased permeability of irritated blood vessels permits the seepage of the metal into the surrounding tissue. In addition to inflamed gingiva, mucosal areas that are irritated by biting or abnormal chewing habits are common sites of ______.
Pigmentation from systemically absorbed metals results from the perivascular precipitation of metallic sulfides in the subepithelial connective tissue. Gingival pigmentation is not a result of systemic toxicity. It occurs only in areas of inflammation in which the increased permeability of irritated blood vessels permits the seepage of the metal into the surrounding tissue. In addition to inflamed gingiva, mucosal areas that are irritated by biting or abnormal chewing habits are common sites of ______.
Systemic diseases may cause color changes in the oral mucosa, including the gingiva. In general, these abnormal pigmentations are nonspecific, and they should stimulate further diagnostic efforts or referral to the appropriate ______.
Systemic diseases may cause color changes in the oral mucosa, including the gingiva. In general, these abnormal pigmentations are nonspecific, and they should stimulate further diagnostic efforts or referral to the appropriate ______.
Several endocrine and metabolic disturbances, including diabetes and pregnancy, may result in ______ changes.
Several endocrine and metabolic disturbances, including diabetes and pregnancy, may result in ______ changes.
